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Stem Cell Therapy: New Insight for Human Diseases
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Stem Cell Therapy: New Insight for Human Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 12063

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Kazushige K. Yokoyama

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cell Therapy and Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Interests: cancer stem cells; induced pluripotent stem cells; organoid culture; cell therapy
Prof. Dr. Kung-Kai Kuo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Interests: pancreatic cancer genetics; drug resistance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent developments in stem cell therapy, including spheroids and organoids, are able to facilitate translational medicine in clinic. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), as well as mesenchymal stem cells, are mostly applied to regenerative medicine. These stem cells have features such as self-renewal and pluripotency, which can differentiate into three or two germ layers. Unfortunately, in general, the promise of regenerative medicine based on stem cells is yet to be realized due to several technical, biological, ethical and medical challenges. hPSCs, hiPSCs or MSCs from bone marrow, adipose tissue or the umbilical cord can be used for the treatment of human disease, including neurological diseases, pulmonary dysfunctions, endocrine disease, metabolic disease, reproductive disease, stroke, skin burns, cancer, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cardiovascular conditions. This Special Issue aims to collect studies on stem cells and their derivatives, such as spheroids and organoids, which can be potentially be used for regenerative medicine (cell-based or organoid-based). Research papers may be based on molecular and cellular experimental settings, new technologies, drug screening for diseases and clinical trials using regenerative cell targeting, on topics such including, but not limited to:

(1)   Organoid on a chip or tissue on a chip;
(2)   Target molecular search for human disease;
(3)   Specific biomarkers;
(4)   Therapeutic approaches for diseases;
(5)   Technical new approaches for stem cell therapy;
(6)   Clinical experimental settings for clinics.

Prof. Dr. Kazushige K. Yokoyama
Prof. Dr. Kung-Kai Kuo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pluripotent stem cells
  • induced pluripotent stem cells
  • mesenchymal stem cells
  • spheroids/organoids
  • drug screening
  • targeted therapy

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 6292 KiB  
Article
Heterogeneity of Phase II Enzyme Ligands on Controlling the Progression of Human Gastric Cancer Organoids as Stem Cell Therapy Model
by Deng-Chyang Wu, Chia-Chen Ku, Jia-Bin Pan, Kenly Wuputra, Ya-Han Yang, Chung-Jung Liu, Yi-Chang Liu, Kohsuke Kato, Shigeo Saito, Ying-Chu Lin, Inn-Wen Chong, Michael Hsiao, Huang-Ming Hu, Chao-Hung Kuo, Kung-Kai Kuo, Chang-Shen Lin and Kazunari K. Yokoyama
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(21), 15911; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115911 - 2 Nov 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2400
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) organoids are frequently used to examine cell proliferation and death as well as cancer development. Invasion/migration assay, xenotransplantation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were used to examine the effects of antioxidant drugs, including perillaldehyde (PEA), cinnamaldehyde (CA), and sulforaphane [...] Read more.
Gastric cancer (GC) organoids are frequently used to examine cell proliferation and death as well as cancer development. Invasion/migration assay, xenotransplantation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were used to examine the effects of antioxidant drugs, including perillaldehyde (PEA), cinnamaldehyde (CA), and sulforaphane (SFN), on GC. PEA and CA repressed the proliferation of human GC organoids, whereas SFN enhanced it. Caspase 3 activities were also repressed on treatment with PEA and CA. Furthermore, the tumor formation and invasive activities were repressed on treatment with PEA and CA, whereas they were enhanced on treatment with SFN. These results in three-dimensional (3D)-GC organoids showed the different cancer development of phase II enzyme ligands in 2D-GC cells. ROS production and the expression of TP53, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2), and Jun dimerization protein 2 were also downregulated on treatment with PEA and CA, but not SFN. NRF2 knockdown reversed the effects of these antioxidant drugs on the invasive activities of the 3D-GC organoids. Moreover, ROS production was also inhibited by treatment with PEA and CA, but not SFN. Thus, NRF2 plays a key role in the differential effects of these antioxidant drugs on cancer progression in 3D-GC organoids. PEA and CA can potentially be new antitumorigenic therapeutics for GC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stem Cell Therapy: New Insight for Human Diseases)
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Review

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32 pages, 2422 KiB  
Review
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as a Treatment Option for Osteoarthritis
by Anupama Vadhan, Tanvi Gupta and Wen-Li Hsu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9149; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179149 - 23 Aug 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3901
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of pain and disability worldwide in elderly people. There is a critical need to develop novel therapeutic strategies that can effectively manage pain and disability to improve the quality of life for older people. Mesenchymal stem cells [...] Read more.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of pain and disability worldwide in elderly people. There is a critical need to develop novel therapeutic strategies that can effectively manage pain and disability to improve the quality of life for older people. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising cell-based therapy for age-related disorders due to their multilineage differentiation and strong paracrine effects. Notably, MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have gained significant attention because they can recapitulate MSCs into therapeutic benefits without causing any associated risks compared with direct cell transplantation. These exosomes help in the transport of bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can influence various cellular processes related to tissue repair, regeneration, and immune regulation. In this review, we have provided an overview of MSC-Exos as a considerable treatment option for osteoarthritis. This review will go over the underlying mechanisms by which MSC-Exos may alleviate the pathological hallmarks of OA, such as cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, and subchondral bone changes. Furthermore, we have summarized the current preclinical evidence and highlighted promising results from in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as progress in clinical trials using MSC-Exos to treat OA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stem Cell Therapy: New Insight for Human Diseases)
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23 pages, 8336 KiB  
Review
Stem Cell Therapy against Ischemic Heart Disease
by I-Ting Tsai and Cheuk-Kwan Sun
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(7), 3778; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073778 - 28 Mar 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4888
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease, which is one of the top killers worldwide, encompasses a series of heart problems stemming from a compromised coronary blood supply to the myocardium. The severity of the disease ranges from an unstable manifestation of ischemic symptoms, such as unstable [...] Read more.
Ischemic heart disease, which is one of the top killers worldwide, encompasses a series of heart problems stemming from a compromised coronary blood supply to the myocardium. The severity of the disease ranges from an unstable manifestation of ischemic symptoms, such as unstable angina, to myocardial death, that is, the immediate life-threatening condition of myocardial infarction. Even though patients may survive myocardial infarction, the resulting ischemia-reperfusion injury triggers a cascade of inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress that poses a significant threat to myocardial function following successful revascularization. Moreover, despite evidence suggesting the presence of cardiac stem cells, the fact that cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated and cannot significantly regenerate after injury accounts for the subsequent progression to ischemic cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart failure, despite the current advancements in cardiac medicine. In the last two decades, researchers have realized the possibility of utilizing stem cell plasticity for therapeutic purposes. Indeed, stem cells of different origin, such as bone-marrow- and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, circulation-derived progenitor cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells, have all been shown to play therapeutic roles in ischemic heart disease. In addition, the discovery of stem-cell-associated paracrine effects has triggered intense investigations into the actions of exosomes. Notwithstanding the seemingly promising outcomes from both experimental and clinical studies regarding the therapeutic use of stem cells against ischemic heart disease, positive results from fraud or false data interpretation need to be taken into consideration. The current review is aimed at overviewing the therapeutic application of stem cells in different categories of ischemic heart disease, including relevant experimental and clinical outcomes, as well as the proposed mechanisms underpinning such observations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stem Cell Therapy: New Insight for Human Diseases)
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