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Advanced Functional Materials from Ionic Liquids
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Advanced Functional Materials from Ionic Liquids

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2022) | Viewed by 11779

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marta C. Corvo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
Interests: ionic liquids; poly(ionic liquids); nuclear magnetic resonance; ion gels; CO2 capture and conversion; porous materials
Dr. Marcileia Zanatta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
2. i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
Interests: ionic liquids; poly(ionic liquids); catalysis; green chemistry; CO2 capture and conversion

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Research on ionic liquids has established the versatility of these materials in a wide range of applications covering the catalysis, energy, biomedical and materials fields. Usually identified with a low vapor pressure, high thermal stability and high conductivity, ionic liquids have one additional feature that has attracted much attention, namely, the possibility of fine-tuning through judicious design of the constituent cations and anions. However, the impact of ionic liquids has gained another dimension, where they are seen as building blocks for advanced functional materials. Superior properties and tailored functionalities can be achieved from the chemical modification or physical integration of ionic liquids or poly(ionic liquids) with other materials, combining their usual features with the particular chemistry of the materials.

This Special Issue welcomes research and review articles, as well as short communications, that contribute to the broad spectrum of applications in advanced ionic liquid-based functional materials for the environmental, energy and biomedical fields, focusing on ionic liquid and poly(ionic liquid) composites, ion gels and ionic liquid/carbon hybrids.

Dr. Marta C. Corvo
Dr. Marcileia Zanatta
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • CO2 capture and conversion
  • water remediation
  • catalysis
  • sensors and actuators
  • optical materials
  • batteries
  • fuel cells
  • drug delivery
  • tissue engineering
  • antimicrobial agents

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 3509 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Tropine-Based Functionalized Acidic Ionic Liquids and Catalysis of Esterification
by Hongfei Ni, Yiwei Zhang, Chuhong Zong, Zhengbo Hou, Hang Song, Yong Chen, Xuesong Liu, Tengfei Xu and Yingjie Luo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 12877; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112877 - 25 Oct 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1376
Abstract
Some traditional acidic ionic liquids (AILs) have shown great catalytic potential in esterification; meanwhile, the design and application of more new AILs are expected at present.Tropine-based functionalized acidic ionic liquids (FAILs) were synthesized to realize esterification catalysis for the first time; with aspirin [...] Read more.
Some traditional acidic ionic liquids (AILs) have shown great catalytic potential in esterification; meanwhile, the design and application of more new AILs are expected at present.Tropine-based functionalized acidic ionic liquids (FAILs) were synthesized to realize esterification catalysis for the first time; with aspirin synthesis as the template reaction, key influences on the substrate conversion and product yield of the synthesis, such as IL type, ratio of salicylic acid to acetic anhydride, temperature, reaction time and amount of IL, were investigated. The new tropine-based FAILs exhibited excellent performance in catalytic synthesis of aspirin with 88.7% yield and 90.8% selectivity. Multiple recovery and re-usage of N-(3-propanesulfonic acid) tropine is the cation, and p-toluenesulfonic acid is the anion. ([Trps][OTs]) shows satisfactory results. When [Trps][OTs] was used to catalyze different esterification reactions, it also showed good results. The above studies proved that ionic liquid [Trps][OTs] could serve as an ideal green solvent for esterification reaction, which serves as a suitable substitute for current catalysts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Functional Materials from Ionic Liquids)
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17 pages, 5184 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Absorption Mechanisms of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids to Epigallocatechin Gallate
by Yingjie Luo, Yiwei Zhang, Cimin Tao, Hongfei Ni, Xuesong Liu, Yong Chen, Yongjiang Wu, Hang Song and Tengfei Xu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(20), 12600; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012600 - 20 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1158
Abstract
Imidazolium-based ionic liquids are wildly used in natural product adsorption and purification. In this work, one typical polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) was synthesized by using L-proline as the anion, which exhibited excellent adsorption capacity toward tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The adsorption conditions [...] Read more.
Imidazolium-based ionic liquids are wildly used in natural product adsorption and purification. In this work, one typical polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) was synthesized by using L-proline as the anion, which exhibited excellent adsorption capacity toward tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The adsorption conditions were optimized with the response surface method (RSM). Under the optimum conditions, the adsorption capacity of the PIL for EGCG can reach as high as 552 mg/g. Dynamics and isothermal research shows that the adsorption process of EGCG by the PIL particularly meets the quasi-second-order kinetic equation and monolayer adsorption mechanism. According to thermodynamic parameter analysis, the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. The results of theoretical calculation by molecular docking also demonstrated the interaction mechanisms between EGCG and the ionic liquid. Considering the wide application of imidazolium-based ionic liquids in component adsorption and purification, the present study can not only be extended to other similar experimental mechanism validation, but also be representative for guiding the synthesis of PIL and optimization of adsorption conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Functional Materials from Ionic Liquids)
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20 pages, 1912 KiB  
Article
High Performance of Ionic-Liquid-Based Materials to Remove Insecticides
by Rafael Francisco, Catarina Almeida, Ana C. A. Sousa, Márcia C. Neves and Mara G. Freire
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(6), 2989; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23062989 - 10 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1870
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are systemic insecticides commonly used for pest control in agriculture and veterinary applications. Due to their widespread use, neonicotinoid insecticides (neonics) are found in different environmental compartments, including water, soils, and biota, in which their high toxicity towards non-target organisms is a [...] Read more.
Neonicotinoids are systemic insecticides commonly used for pest control in agriculture and veterinary applications. Due to their widespread use, neonicotinoid insecticides (neonics) are found in different environmental compartments, including water, soils, and biota, in which their high toxicity towards non-target organisms is a matter of great concern. Given their widespread use and high toxicity, the development of strategies to remove neonics, while avoiding further environmental contamination is of high priority. In this work, ionic-liquid-based materials, comprising silica modified with tetraalkylammonium cations and the chloride anion, were explored as alternative adsorbent materials to remove four neonics insecticides, namely imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam, from aqueous media. These materials or supported ionic liquids (SILs) were first synthesized and chemically characterized and further applied in adsorption studies. It was found that the equilibrium concentration of the adsorbate in the solid phase decreases with the decrease in the SIL cation alkyl chain length, reinforcing the relevance of hydrophobic interactions between ionic liquids (ILs) and insecticides. The best-identified SIL for the adsorption of the studied insecticides corresponds to silica modified with propyltrioctylammonium chloride ([Si][N3888]Cl). The saturation of SILs was reached in 5 min or less, showing their fast adsorption rate towards all insecticides, in contrast with activated carbon (benchmark) that requires 40 to 60 min. The best fitting of the experimental kinetic data was achieved with the Pseudo Second-Order model, meaning that the adsorption process is controlled at the solid-liquid interface. On the other hand, the best fitting of the experimental isotherm data is given by the Freundlich isotherm model, revealing that multiple layers of insecticides onto the SIL surface may occur. The continuous removal efficiency of the best SIL ([Si][N3888]Cl) by solid-phase extraction was finally appraised, with the maximum adsorption capacity decreasing in the following sequence: imidacloprid > thiacloprid > thiamethoxam > acetamiprid. Based on real reported values, under ideal conditions, 1 g of [Si][N3888]Cl is able to treat at least 106 m3 of wastewater and water from wetland contaminated with the studied neonics. In summary, the enhanced adsorption capacity of SILs for a broad diversity of neonics was demonstrated, reinforcing the usefulness of these materials for their removal from aqueous matrices and thus contributing to preventing their introduction into the ecosystems and reducing their detrimental effects in the environment and human health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Functional Materials from Ionic Liquids)
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7 pages, 1364 KiB  
Article
CO2 Absorption Mechanism by the Deep Eutectic Solvents Formed by Monoethanolamine-Based Protic Ionic Liquid and Ethylene Glycol
by Jinyu Cheng, Congyi Wu, Weiji Gao, Haoyuan Li, Yanlong Ma, Shiyu Liu and Dezhong Yang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(3), 1893; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031893 - 8 Feb 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2588
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been widely used to capture CO2 in recent years. Understanding CO2 mechanisms by DESs is crucial to the design of efficient DESs for carbon capture. In this work, we studied the CO2 absorption mechanism by [...] Read more.
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been widely used to capture CO2 in recent years. Understanding CO2 mechanisms by DESs is crucial to the design of efficient DESs for carbon capture. In this work, we studied the CO2 absorption mechanism by DESs based on ethylene glycol (EG) and protic ionic liquid ([MEAH][Im]), formed by monoethanolamine (MEA) with imidazole (Im). The interactions between CO2 and DESs [MEAH][Im]-EG (1:3) are investigated thoroughly by applying 1H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 2-D NMR, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. Surprisingly, the results indicate that CO2 not only binds to the amine group of MEA but also reacts with the deprotonated EG, yielding carbamate and carbonate species, respectively. The reaction mechanism between CO2 and DESs is proposed, which includes two pathways. One pathway is the deprotonation of the [MEAH]+ cation by the [Im]− anion, resulting in the formation of neutral molecule MEA, which then reacts with CO2 to form a carbamate species. In the other pathway, EG is deprotonated by the [Im]−, and then the deprotonated EG, HO-CH2-CH2-O−, binds with CO2 to form a carbonate species. The absorption mechanism found by this work is different from those of other DESs formed by protic ionic liquids and EG, and we believe the new insights into the interactions between CO2 and DESs will be beneficial to the design and applications of DESs for carbon capture in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Functional Materials from Ionic Liquids)
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16 pages, 3157 KiB  
Article
The AEROPILs Generation: Novel Poly(Ionic Liquid)-Based Aerogels for CO2 Capture
by Raquel V. Barrulas, Clara López-Iglesias, Marcileia Zanatta, Teresa Casimiro, Gonzalo Mármol, Manuela Ribeiro Carrott, Carlos A. García-González and Marta C. Corvo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(1), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010200 - 24 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3755
Abstract
CO2 levels in the atmosphere are increasing exponentially. The current climate change effects motivate an urgent need for new and sustainable materials to capture CO2. Porous materials are particularly interesting for processes that take place near atmospheric pressure. However, materials [...] Read more.
CO2 levels in the atmosphere are increasing exponentially. The current climate change effects motivate an urgent need for new and sustainable materials to capture CO2. Porous materials are particularly interesting for processes that take place near atmospheric pressure. However, materials design should not only consider the morphology, but also the chemical identity of the CO2 sorbent to enhance the affinity towards CO2. Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) can enhance CO2 sorption capacity, but tailoring the porosity is still a challenge. Aerogel’s properties grant production strategies that ensure a porosity control. In this work, we joined both worlds, PILs and aerogels, to produce a sustainable CO2 sorbent. PIL-chitosan aerogels (AEROPILs) in the form of beads were successfully obtained with high porosity (94.6–97.0%) and surface areas (270–744 m2/g). AEROPILs were applied for the first time as CO2 sorbents. The combination of PILs with chitosan aerogels generally increased the CO2 sorption capability of these materials, being the maximum CO2 capture capacity obtained (0.70 mmol g−1, at 25 °C and 1 bar) for the CHT:P[DADMA]Cl30%AEROPIL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Functional Materials from Ionic Liquids)
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