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The Role and Mechanism of Hydrogen Sulfide and ROS in Plants

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2025) | Viewed by 10552

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Weibiao Liao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
Interests: stress resistance and quality control of vegetables and floral plants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Zhuping Jin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Interests: gaseous signal transduction of plants under abiotic stress; plant stomatal regulation mechanism of hydrogen sulfide signal response to drought stress; creation and application of new plant germplasm based on sulfur metabolism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was considered a toxic gas at the time of its discovery. Now, it has come to be considered as the third most important gaseous signaling molecule that has been extensively studied. As a novel small signaling molecule, H2S can easily enter cells and penetrate the intercellular space. It is both an endogenous sulfide and a key node of sulfur metabolism in biological organisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, but which also act as plant signaling molecules in various processes, such as plant growth and development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. When ROS accumulate excessively in plants, intracellular homeostasis is disrupted, seriously affecting plant growth and development. H2S might play a key role in regulating intracellular ROS homeostasis in plants, which is considered to be an effective defense agent against various stresses. H2S and ROS have also been suggested to be involved in various physiological and biochemical processes through different signal transduction pathways, as well as different molecular forms.

This Special Issue focuses on recent studies that aim to determine the role and mechanisms of H2S and ROS in plants. However, there are many other molecular mechanisms of crosstalk, which are involved in the regulation of various physiological and biochemical processes by H2S and ROS. For example, other gas signaling molecules, hormones and persulfidation modifications have important implications for the role of H2S and ROS in plants. Studies providing such information are welcome, as they will help to elucidate the important role of H2S and ROS in plants.

Prof. Dr. Weibiao Liao
Prof. Dr. Zhuping Jin
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • hydrogen sulfide
  • reactive oxygen species
  • metabolism
  • molecular function
  • gas signaling molecules
  • post-translational modifications
  • plant growth and development
  • biotic and abiotic stress
  • persulfidation

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 6191 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of the NADPH Oxidase Gene Family in Avena sativa L.
by Qingxue Jiang, Xinyue Zhou, Jun Tang, Dengxia Yi, Lin Ma and Xuemin Wang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(6), 2576; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062576 - 13 Mar 2025
Viewed by 374
Abstract
The plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) are crucial enzymes responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, playing a pivotal role in regulating various aspects of plant growth, development, and stress responses. While RBOH family members have [...] Read more.
The plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) are crucial enzymes responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, playing a pivotal role in regulating various aspects of plant growth, development, and stress responses. While RBOH family members have been identified across a wide range of plant species, the functions and characteristics of the RBOH gene family in oats remain poorly understood. In this study, 35 members of the RBOH gene family in the oat genome were identified using bioinformatics approaches. Conserved motif and gene structure analyses revealed that most AsRBOH genes contain Motif4 and Motif5. Phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that the AsRBOHs can be classified into five distinct subfamilies. Synteny analysis indicated that AsRBOHs share the highest number of syntenic gene pairs with wheat. Additionally, cis-regulatory element analysis identified several elements associated with drought and hypoxia-specific responses in AsRBOHs. Expression analysis using qRT-PCR showed that 28 AsRBOH genes were upregulated under drought stress, while 18 were downregulated under salt stress. Notably, the genes 7DG1382190 and 7AG1225850 were found to be involved in both drought and salt stress responses. In conclusion, these findings provide a valuable foundation for future functional studies of the AsRBOH gene family in oats, offering insights that could contribute to the improvement and innovation of oat varieties and germplasm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role and Mechanism of Hydrogen Sulfide and ROS in Plants)
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17 pages, 4386 KiB  
Article
Methyl Jasmonate Was Involved in Hydrogen Sulfide-Alleviated Cadmium Stress in Cucumber Plants Through ROS Homeostasis and Chlorophyll Metabolism
by Lijuan Niu, Haixia Zhao, Yunlai Tang, Bo Zhu, Yanshuo Zhao, Qian Wang and Jian Yu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(2), 475; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020475 - 8 Jan 2025
Viewed by 743
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), as one of the most toxic nonessential elements, severely prohibits plant growth and development. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) play essential roles in plant response to abiotic stress. However, the potential mechanism of H2S and [...] Read more.
Cadmium (Cd), as one of the most toxic nonessential elements, severely prohibits plant growth and development. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) play essential roles in plant response to abiotic stress. However, the potential mechanism of H2S and MeJA in alleviating Cd stress in plants remains unclear. In the current study, the importance and crosstalk of H2S and MeJA in the Cd tolerance of cucumber seedlings have been investigated. Our results revealed that Cd stress obviously prohibited the growth of cucumber seedlings. Optimal concentrations of H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) or MeJA treatment, respectively, or in combination, significantly enhanced seedling growth under Cd stress. However, the positive effects of H2S during seedling growth were obviously reversed by the application of MeJA biosynthesis inhibitors, which implied that MeJA might be involved in the H2S-improved growth of cucumber seedlings under Cd stress. Moreover, Cd stress resulted in the increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radical (O2·−) accumulation, and impaired the functioning of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle. Both H2S and MeJA decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and ameliorated the negative effects of Cd stress through significantly increasing the ratio of ascorbate (AsA)/dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Besides that, the expression level of ROS scavenge genes was significantly upregulated by the application of exogenous H2S or MeJA treatment. Moreover, H2S and MeJA significantly enhanced the chlorophyll concentration and inhibited chlorophyll degradation through decreasing the expression levels of chlorophyll catabolic enzymes. Additionally, exogenous H2S and MeJA obviously enhanced the chlorophyll fluorescence. However, MeJA biosynthesis inhibitors significantly suppressed the positive role of H2S. The above results suggested MeJA is involved in H2S-induced Cd stress alleviation in cucumber seedlings through enhancing ROS-scavenge capacity and improving the photosynthesis system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role and Mechanism of Hydrogen Sulfide and ROS in Plants)
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18 pages, 6567 KiB  
Article
The Identification and Characterization of the PeGRF Gene Family in Populus euphratica Oliv. Heteromorphic Leaves Provide a Theoretical Basis for the Functional Study of PeGRF9
by Ying Wang, Zhihua Wu, Mingyu Jia, Jing Li, Tongrui Song, Hongyan Jin, Jianhao Sun, Chen Qiu, Xiaona Lu, Yang Yuan, Yongqiang Chen, Peipei Jiao and Zhijun Li
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(1), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010066 - 25 Dec 2024
Viewed by 705
Abstract
Populus euphratica Oliv. typically has four kinds of heteromorphic leaves: linear (Li), lanceolate (La), ovate (Ov) and broad ovate (Bo). Heteromorphic leaves help P. euphratica adapt to extreme desert environments and further contribute to protection against land desertification in Northwest China. In the [...] Read more.
Populus euphratica Oliv. typically has four kinds of heteromorphic leaves: linear (Li), lanceolate (La), ovate (Ov) and broad ovate (Bo). Heteromorphic leaves help P. euphratica adapt to extreme desert environments and further contribute to protection against land desertification in Northwest China. In the authors’ previous research, growth-regulating factors (GRFs) were speculated to be related to the development of P. euphratica heteromorphic leaves via multi-omics integrated analysis. However, the genomic features and biological role of the P. euphratica GRF gene family in heteromorphic leaves are still unclear. In this study, 19 PeGRF genes were genome-widely identified and characterized in P. euphratica, and their physicochemical properties, gene structure and phylogenetic evolution were analyzed. An analysis of the research showed that PeGRFs were unevenly distributed on 11 chromosomes and that PeGRF proteins contained conserved motif 1 (WRC) and motif 2 (QLQ). Moreover, 19, 15, 19 and 22 GRFs were identified in Populus deltoides Marshall, Populus pruinosa Schrenk, Salix sinopurpurea C. Wang et C. Y. Yang and Salix suchowensis W. C. Cheng, respectively. A collinearity analysis showed that the PeGRF family evolved slowly within Populus species. A phylogenetic tree of the GRF family was also constructed, and GRFs were divided into four subfamilies. A large number of cis-acting elements were related to plant growth and development, plant hormone response and stress response on the promoter of PeGRFs. The expression pattern of PeGRFs showed significant up-regulation in broad leaves (Ov and Bo) compared with narrow leaves (Li and La). In combination with the predicted gene regulatory network, PeGRF9 (PeuTF06G01147.1) may have an important contribution to the leaf shape development of P. euphratica. The heterologous expression of PeGRF9 in wild-type plants (Col-0) of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh was also studied, showing a significant increase in the leaf area of overexpressing plants compared with the wild type. Nineteen PeGRF gene members were identified and characterized in P. euphratica, and a comparison of the genomic analysis of Populus GRF members revealed their evolutionary features. The further overexpression of PeGRF9 in A. thaliana revealed its biological role in the heteromorphic leaves of P. euphratica. This study not only provides new insights into the evolution and function of PeGRFs in P. euphratica heteromorphic leaves but also helps in an understanding of the adaptive evolution of P. euphratica in drought desert environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role and Mechanism of Hydrogen Sulfide and ROS in Plants)
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23 pages, 2413 KiB  
Article
The Essential Role of H2S-ABA Crosstalk in Maize Thermotolerance through the ROS-Scavenging System
by Jia-Qi Wang, Ru-Hua Xiang and Zhong-Guang Li
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(15), 12264; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512264 - 31 Jul 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2302
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and abscisic acid (ABA), as a signaling molecule and stress hormone, their crosstalk-induced thermotolerance in maize seedlings and its underlying mechanism were elusive. In this paper, H2S and ABA crosstalk as well as the underlying mechanism [...] Read more.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and abscisic acid (ABA), as a signaling molecule and stress hormone, their crosstalk-induced thermotolerance in maize seedlings and its underlying mechanism were elusive. In this paper, H2S and ABA crosstalk as well as the underlying mechanism of crosstalk-induced thermotolerance in maize seedlings were investigated. The data show that endogenous levels of H2S and ABA in maize seedlings could be mutually induced by regulating their metabolic enzyme activity and gene expression under non-heat stress (non-HS) and HS conditions. Furthermore, H2S and ABA alone or in combination significantly increase thermotolerance in maize seedlings by improving the survival rate (SR) and mitigating biomembrane damage. Similarly, the activity of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system, including enzymatic antioxidants catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the non-enzymatic antioxidants reduced ascorbic acid (AsA), carotenoids (CAR), flavone (FLA), and total phenols (TP), was enhanced by H2S and ABA alone or in combination in maize seedlings. Conversely, the ROS level (mainly hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical) was weakened by H2S and ABA alone or in combination in maize seedlings under non-HS and HS conditions. These data imply that the ROS-scavenging system played an essential role in H2S-ABA crosstalk-induced thermotolerance in maize seedlings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role and Mechanism of Hydrogen Sulfide and ROS in Plants)
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31 pages, 9369 KiB  
Article
The Antioxidant Potential of Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under Nano-ZnO Treatment
by Katarzyna Włodarczyk, Beata Smolińska and Iwona Majak
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11833; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411833 - 23 Jul 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2860
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most valuable horticulture crops, consumed in both its raw and processed forms. To increase yield and efficiency, conventional and organic fertilizers are utilized in modern agriculture. Traditional fertilizers increase crop yield but are harmful [...] Read more.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most valuable horticulture crops, consumed in both its raw and processed forms. To increase yield and efficiency, conventional and organic fertilizers are utilized in modern agriculture. Traditional fertilizers increase crop yield but are harmful to the environment. These circumstances motivate the pursuit of an alternate solution. The purpose of this research was to investigate how the application of nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) combined with conventional fertilizer influence tomato plants’ development, including the antioxidant potential of cultivated plants. Three factors such as different types of cultivars, dosage of applied nano-ZnO solution and the method of nanoparticles application were implemented. Multiple analysis of selected antioxidants content and their activities such as malondialdehyde (MDA), flavonoids, polyphenols, ascorbic acid, peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase (CAT) were analyzed. The obtained data exhibited that all examined parameters were strongly dependent on three implemented factors: concentration of nano-ZnO suspension, the type of cultivated tomato and the method of nanoparticles application. For instance, the accumulation of MDA in cultivated plants was different among plants under nanoparticles treatment, but in one specific case (Malinowy Bossman cultivar treated with 50 mg/L nano-ZnO suspension) the content of this marker was decreased by 34% in comparison to the corresponding control. Nevertheless, the results presented in this study showed that the usage of certain doses of nano-ZnO suspension may increase the antioxidant potential of tomato plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role and Mechanism of Hydrogen Sulfide and ROS in Plants)
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Review

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14 pages, 1438 KiB  
Review
Hydrogen Sulfide in the Oxidative Stress Response of Plants: Crosstalk with Reactive Oxygen Species
by Zhiya Liu, Yayu Liu and Weibiao Liao
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(3), 1935; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031935 - 5 Feb 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2167
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that exposure of plants to unfavorable environments leads to the accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). H2S interacts with the ROS-mediated oxidative stress response network at multiple levels. Therefore, it is essential [...] Read more.
Growing evidence suggests that exposure of plants to unfavorable environments leads to the accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). H2S interacts with the ROS-mediated oxidative stress response network at multiple levels. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate the mechanisms by which H2S and ROS interact. The molecular mechanism of action by H2S relies on the post-translational modification of the cysteine sulfur group (-SH), known as persulfidation. H2S cannot react directly with -SH, but it can react with oxidized cysteine residues, and this oxidation process is induced by H2O2. Evidently, ROS is involved in the signaling pathway of H2S and plays a significant role. In this review, we summarize the role of H2S-mediated post-translational modification mechanisms in oxidative stress responses. Moreover, the mechanism of interaction between H2S and ROS in the regulation of redox reactions is focused upon, and the positive cooperative role of H2S and ROS is elucidated. Subsequently, based on the existing evidence and clues, we propose some potential problems and new clues to be explored, which are crucial for the development of the crosstalk mechanism of H2S and ROS in plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role and Mechanism of Hydrogen Sulfide and ROS in Plants)
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