Molecular Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance and Host–Pathogen Interactions: From Genes to Therapeutics

Dear Colleagues,

The global rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health challenge that threatens the effectiveness of modern medicine. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens are increasingly implicated in severe infections, especially in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. The molecular basis of AMR involves a wide array of mechanisms, including horizontal gene transfer, enzymatic inactivation, target modification, efflux systems, and biofilm formation. These molecular processes not only enhance microbial survival but also profoundly affect host–pathogen interactions, immune evasion, and therapeutic failure.

This Special Issue aims to explore the complex molecular landscape of antimicrobial resistance and the dynamic interplay between pathogens and the host immune system. We welcome submissions focusing on the genetic and molecular determinants of resistance (e.g., β-lactamases, carbapenemases, ESBLs, MBLs, and mcr genes), regulation of virulence and persistence, quorum sensing, and the molecular architecture of biofilms. Particular interest is given to studies investigating host immune responses, immunoparalysis, and microbiota-related mechanisms that influence infection outcomes.

We also encourage contributions addressing innovative diagnostics and therapeutic approaches, including antimicrobial peptides, phage therapy, immunomodulators, and pharmacodynamic optimization strategies in complex clinical settings such as sepsis, ECMO support, and intensive care.

Submissions combining molecular research with translational insights or human sample analysis are especially appreciated. Purely clinical studies are not within the scope of IJMS unless supported by biomolecular investigations.

We hope this Special Issue will serve as a platform to deepen the understanding of AMR at the molecular level and promote the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.

Dr. Carlo Acierno
Guest Editor

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