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Open AccessArticle

Compositional Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Psoriasis Treated with IL-23 and IL-17 Inhibitors

by Yu-Huei Huang, Lun-Ching Chang, Ya-Ching Chang, Wen-Hung Chung, Shun-Fa Yang and Shih-Chi Su

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(5), 4568; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054568 - 26 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2499

Alterations in the gut microbiota composition and their associated metabolic dysfunction exist in psoriasis. However, the impact of biologics on shaping gut microbiota is not well known. This study aimed to determine the association of gut microorganisms and microbiome-encoded metabolic pathways with the [...] Read more.

Alterations in the gut microbiota composition and their associated metabolic dysfunction exist in psoriasis. However, the impact of biologics on shaping gut microbiota is not well known. This study aimed to determine the association of gut microorganisms and microbiome-encoded metabolic pathways with the treatment in patients with psoriasis. A total of 48 patients with psoriasis, including 30 cases who received an IL-23 inhibitor (guselkumab) and 18 cases who received an IL-17 inhibitor (secukinumab or ixekizumab) were recruited. Longitudinal profiles of the gut microbiome were conducted by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbial compositions dynamically changed in psoriatic patients during a 24-week treatment. The relative abundance of individual taxa altered differently between patients receiving the IL-23 inhibitor and those receiving the IL-17 inhibitor. Functional prediction of the gut microbiome revealed microbial genes related to metabolism involving the biosynthesis of antibiotics and amino acids were differentially enriched between responders and non-responders receiving IL-17 inhibitors, as the abundance of the taurine and hypotaurine pathway was found to be augmented in responders treated with the IL-23 inhibitor. Our analyses showed a longitudinal shift in the gut microbiota in psoriatic patients after treatment. These taxonomic signatures and functional alterations of the gut microbiome could serve as potential biomarkers for the response to biologics treatment in psoriasis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Causes, Molecular Research, and Treatment in Skin Inflammation)

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Review

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13 pages, 2490 KiB

Open AccessReview

Etiopathogenesis and Emerging Methods for Treatment of Vitiligo

by Tomasz Iwanowski, Karol Kołkowski, Roman Janusz Nowicki and Małgorzata Sokołowska-Wojdyło

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9749; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119749 - 05 Jun 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3339

Abstract

Vitiligo is an acquired chronic depigmenting disorder of skin. It is mostly asymptomatic and characterized by amelanotic macules and patches that affects 0.5% to 2% of the world’s population. The etiology of vitiligo has not been clearly elucidated and multiple theories have been [...] Read more.

Vitiligo is an acquired chronic depigmenting disorder of skin. It is mostly asymptomatic and characterized by amelanotic macules and patches that affects 0.5% to 2% of the world’s population. The etiology of vitiligo has not been clearly elucidated and multiple theories have been proposed regarding the causes of the disorder. Among the most prevalent theories, the genetic predisposition, oxidative stress theory, promotion of cellular stress and pathologic influence of lymphocytes T have been highlighted. As a result of increases in in-depth knowledge concerning the pathogenetic processes in vitiligo, we review the most recent information concerning its etiopathogenesis and treatment methods including topical and oral Janus kinase inhibitors, prostaglandins and their analogues, namely afamelanotide, Wnt/β-catenin-signaling agonists and cell-based therapies. Topical ruxolitinib has been registered for vitiligo treatment, whereas other agents as oral ritlecitinib, afamelanotide and latanoprost have been studied in ongoing clinical trials. New highly effective therapeutic strategies may be developed thanks to molecular and genetic studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Causes, Molecular Research, and Treatment in Skin Inflammation)

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22 pages, 838 KiB

Open AccessReview

Pharmacogenomics on the Treatment Response in Patients with Psoriasis: An Updated Review

by Ching-Ya Wang, Chuang-Wei Wang, Chun-Bing Chen, Wei-Ti Chen, Ya-Ching Chang, Rosaline Chung-Yee Hui and Wen-Hung Chung

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7329; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087329 - 15 Apr 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2443

Abstract

The efficacy and the safety of psoriasis medications have been proved in trials, but unideal responses and side effects are noted in clinical practice. Genetic predisposition is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Hence, pharmacogenomics gives the hint of predictive treatment [...] Read more.

The efficacy and the safety of psoriasis medications have been proved in trials, but unideal responses and side effects are noted in clinical practice. Genetic predisposition is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Hence, pharmacogenomics gives the hint of predictive treatment response individually. This review highlights the current pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic studies of medical therapy in psoriasis. HLA-Cw*06 status remains the most promising predictive treatment response in certain drugs. Numerous genetic variants (such as ABC transporter, DNMT3b, MTHFR, ANKLE1, IL-12B, IL-23R, MALT1, CDKAL1, IL17RA, IL1B, LY96, TLR2, etc.) are also found to be associated with treatment response for methotrexate, cyclosporin, acitretin, anti-TNF, anti-IL-12/23, anti-IL-17, anti-PDE4 agents, and topical therapy. Due to the high throughput sequencing technologies and the dramatic increase in sequencing cost, pharmacogenomic tests prior to treatment by whole exome sequencing or whole genome sequencing may be applied in clinical in the future. Further investigations are necessary to manifest potential genetic markers for psoriasis treatments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Causes, Molecular Research, and Treatment in Skin Inflammation)

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