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RNA Therapeutics for Cancer Diseases
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RNA Therapeutics for Cancer Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 6366

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Silvia Catuogno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80145 Naples, Italy
Interests: aptamers; SELEX; cancer; targeted therapy; targeted delivery; non-coding RNAs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

RNA-based therapeutics, which modulate biological pathways with high specificity, have emerged as very promising and safe modalities for the treatment of several undruggable disorders, including cancer. However, to become appropriate for clinical development, RNAs need to be improved in their stability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. In particular, they require chemical modifications that guarantee an adequate stability in vivo and suitable delivery vehicles capable of overcoming physiological barriers, allowing a specific and efficient accumulation in the desired diseased tissues, thus, reducing the occurrence of unwanted side effects. In the last decade, several attempts have been conducted in this regard, giving a great impetus to the field.

This Special Issue aims to address several areas related to the molecular design and targeted delivery approaches for RNA therapeutics, highlighting advances in the formulation, safety, stability and efficacy of RNA-based therapy.

Dr. Silvia Catuogno
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2871 KiB  
Article
Different miRNAs Related to FBXW7 Mutations or High Mitotic Indices Contribute to Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Pilot Study
by Ho Suk Kang, Ha Young Park, Hyun Lim, Il Tae Son, Min-Jeong Kim, Nan Young Kim, Min Jeong Kim, Eun Sook Nam, Seong Jin Cho and Mi Jung Kwon
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6329; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076329 - 28 Mar 2023
Viewed by 2285
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that miRNA may be involved in the development of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). We explored the frequency of clinicopathologically relevant mutations and miRNA expression in rectal NETs to examine molecular profiles related to prognosis and behavior. Twenty-four eligible specimens with [...] Read more.
Recent studies suggest that miRNA may be involved in the development of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). We explored the frequency of clinicopathologically relevant mutations and miRNA expression in rectal NETs to examine molecular profiles related to prognosis and behavior. Twenty-four eligible specimens with endoscopically excised rectal NETs were selected. Next-generation sequencing and an miRNA expression assay were used to evaluate the expression profile relevant to common genetic mutations in rectal NETs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis predicted that the possible target signaling pathways were correlated with dysregulated miRNAs. Nineteen rectal NETs harbored more than one mutation in the 24 cancer-related genes. Seven miRNAs (hsa-miR-769-5p, hsa-miR-221-3p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-181c-5p, hsa-miR-1246, hsa-miR-324-5p, and hsa-miR-361-3p) were significantly down-regulated in tumors harboring the FBWX7 mutation. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis showed that up-regulation of these seven miRNAs may result in high mitotic indices, indicating the role of miRNAs in tumor progression. Among the down-regulated miRNAs, hsa-miR-769-5p was strongly correlated with extracellular matrix–receptor interaction and lysine degradation. Among the clinicopathological factors, up-regulated hsa-miR-3934-5p was linked to an increased mitotic count. No change in miRNA expression was associated with a tumor size >1 cm, lymphovascular invasion, or Ki-67 index. In summary, we identified different miRNA signatures involved in FBXW7 mutations or high mitotic indices in rectal NETs, which may play a critical role in tumor behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue RNA Therapeutics for Cancer Diseases)
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Review

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16 pages, 1613 KiB  
Review
Nucleic Acid-Based Approaches to Tackle KRAS Mutant Cancers
by Jimi Kim
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 16933; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316933 - 29 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1168
Abstract
Activating mutations in KRAS are highly relevant to various cancers, driving persistent efforts toward the development of drugs that can effectively inhibit KRAS activity. Previously, KRAS was considered ‘undruggable’; however, the recent advances in our understanding of RNA and nucleic acid chemistry and [...] Read more.
Activating mutations in KRAS are highly relevant to various cancers, driving persistent efforts toward the development of drugs that can effectively inhibit KRAS activity. Previously, KRAS was considered ‘undruggable’; however, the recent advances in our understanding of RNA and nucleic acid chemistry and delivery formulations have sparked a paradigm shift in the approach to KRAS inhibition. We are currently witnessing a large wave of next-generation drugs for KRAS mutant cancers—nucleic acid-based therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the current progress in targeting KRAS mutant tumors and outline significant developments in nucleic acid-based strategies. We delve into their mechanisms of action, address existing challenges, and offer insights into the current clinical trial status of these approaches. We aim to provide a thorough understanding of the potential of nucleic acid-based strategies in the field of KRAS mutant cancer therapeutics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue RNA Therapeutics for Cancer Diseases)
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23 pages, 1524 KiB  
Review
The Small RNA Landscape in NSCLC: Current Therapeutic Applications and Progresses
by Giuseppe Ciccone, Maria Luigia Ibba, Gabriele Coppola, Silvia Catuogno and Carla Lucia Esposito
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6121; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076121 - 24 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2288
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the second most diagnosed type of malignancy and the first cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite recent advances, the treatment of choice for NSCLC patients remains to be chemotherapy, often showing very limited effectiveness with the frequent occurrence [...] Read more.
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the second most diagnosed type of malignancy and the first cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite recent advances, the treatment of choice for NSCLC patients remains to be chemotherapy, often showing very limited effectiveness with the frequent occurrence of drug-resistant phenotype and the lack of selectivity for tumor cells. Therefore, new effective and targeted therapeutics are needed. In this context, short RNA-based therapeutics, including Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs), microRNAs (miRNAs), short interfering (siRNA) and aptamers, represent a promising class of molecules. ASOs, miRNAs and siRNAs act by targeting and inhibiting specific mRNAs, thus showing an improved specificity compared to traditional anti-cancer drugs. Nucleic acid aptamers target and inhibit specific cancer-associated proteins, such as “nucleic acid antibodies”. Aptamers are also able of receptor-mediated cell internalization, and therefore, they can be used as carriers of secondary agents giving the possibility of producing very highly specific and effective therapeutics. This review provides an overview of the proposed applications of small RNAs for NSCLC treatment, highlighting their advantageous features and recent advancements in the field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue RNA Therapeutics for Cancer Diseases)
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