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Application of Genetic Engineering in Treatments for Human Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 1816

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
2. Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
3. Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Interests: gene therapy; genome editing; epigenome editing; designer nucleases; CRISPR-Cas

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Genome and epigenome editing technologies have advanced significantly in recent years, driven by their vast therapeutic potential. Genome editing involves precise alterations to an organism's DNA, enabling the correction of genetic mutations, the insertion of new genetic material, or the deletion of faulty genes. In contrast, epigenome editing focuses on modifying chemical markers on DNA or associated proteins, regulating gene expression without altering the underlying genetic sequence. Together, these approaches offer a powerful toolbox for manipulating biological systems at their most fundamental level. They hold promise for a wide range of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and even viral infections. The ability to tailor therapies at the genetic or epigenetic level heralds a new era in medicine, where treatments can be customized to the specific needs of individual patients. 

This Special Issue of IJMS welcomes original research articles, reviews, and case studies that explore the full spectrum of genome and epigenome editing approaches and their therapeutic potential. We particularly encourage submissions that delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying these technologies, shedding light on these innovative treatments' precision, efficacy, and safety. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Novel genome and epigenome editing technologies and their applications in disease treatment;
  • Molecular insights into the efficacy and safety of editing approaches;
  • Therapeutic innovations using genome and epigenome editing for genetic disorders, cancer, and complex diseases;
  • Combinatorial approaches with gene therapies and other biomedical strategies;
  • Advances in delivery systems and techniques for in vivo and ex vivo editing;
  • Ethical considerations and long-term impacts of therapeutic genome and epigenome editing.

We invite researchers and clinicians to contribute to this exciting and rapidly advancing field, providing critical insights to shape the next generation of human therapeutics.

Dr. Claudio Mussolino
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • genome editing
  • epigenome editing
  • CRISPR-Cas systems
  • gene therapy
  • precision medicine
  • molecular mechanisms
  • innovative therapies
  • gene expression regulation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

19 pages, 1424 KiB  
Review
Fine-Tuning Homology-Directed Repair (HDR) for Precision Genome Editing: Current Strategies and Future Directions
by Sibtain Haider and Claudio Mussolino
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(9), 4067; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094067 - 25 Apr 2025
Viewed by 247
Abstract
CRISPR–Cas9 is a powerful genome-editing technology that can precisely target and cleave DNA to induce double-strand breaks (DSBs) at almost any genomic locus. While this versatility holds tremendous therapeutic potential, the predominant cellular pathway for DSB repair—non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)—often introduces small insertions or [...] Read more.
CRISPR–Cas9 is a powerful genome-editing technology that can precisely target and cleave DNA to induce double-strand breaks (DSBs) at almost any genomic locus. While this versatility holds tremendous therapeutic potential, the predominant cellular pathway for DSB repair—non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)—often introduces small insertions or deletions that disrupt the target site. In contrast, homology-directed repair (HDR) utilizes exogenous donor templates to enable precise gene modifications, including targeted insertions, deletions, and substitutions. However, HDR remains relatively inefficient compared to NHEJ, especially in postmitotic cells where cell cycle constraints further limit HDR. To address this challenge, numerous methodologies have been explored, ranging from inhibiting key NHEJ factors and optimizing donor templates to synchronizing cells in HDR-permissive phases and engineering HDR-enhancing fusion proteins. These strategies collectively aim to boost HDR efficiency and expand the clinical and research utility of CRISPR–Cas9. In this review, we discuss recent advances in manipulating the balance between NHEJ and HDR, examine the trade-offs and practical considerations of these approaches, and highlight promising directions for achieving high-fidelity genome editing in diverse cell types. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Genetic Engineering in Treatments for Human Diseases)
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26 pages, 2222 KiB  
Review
Progress in AAV-Mediated In Vivo Gene Therapy and Its Applications in Central Nervous System Diseases
by Shuming Wang and Lin Xiao
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(5), 2213; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052213 - 28 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1238
Abstract
As the blood–brain barrier (BBB) prevents molecules from accessing the central nervous system (CNS), the traditional systemic delivery of chemical drugs limits the development of neurological drugs. However, in recent years, innovative therapeutic strategies have tried to bypass the restriction of traditional drug [...] Read more.
As the blood–brain barrier (BBB) prevents molecules from accessing the central nervous system (CNS), the traditional systemic delivery of chemical drugs limits the development of neurological drugs. However, in recent years, innovative therapeutic strategies have tried to bypass the restriction of traditional drug delivery methods. In vivo gene therapy refers to emerging biopharma vectors that carry the specific genes and target and infect specific tissues; these infected cells and tissues then undergo fundamental changes at the genetic level and produce therapeutic proteins or substances, thus providing therapeutic benefits. Clinical and preclinical trials mainly utilize adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), lentiviruses (LVs), and other viruses as gene vectors for disease investigation. Although LVs have a higher gene-carrying capacity, the vector of choice for many neurological diseases is the AAV vector due to its safety and long-term transgene expression in neurons. Here, we review the basic biology of AAVs and summarize some key issues in recombinant AAV (rAAV) engineering in gene therapy research; then, we summarize recent clinical trials using rAAV treatment for neurological diseases and provide translational perspectives and future challenges on target selection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Genetic Engineering in Treatments for Human Diseases)
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