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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 September 2022) | Viewed by 29039

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Prof. Dr. Fucheng Lin

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College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: plant pathogenic fungi; molecular interaction between plant and microbe; autophagy of pathogenic fungi
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Dear Colleagues,

Throughout their life cycles, plants are facing challenges from various pathogens such as fungi, bacteria and viruses. Plant diseases have brought serious economic losses to agricultural systems and production. Understanding how the pathogens adopt adaptive mechanisms to infection on plant hosts and how the plants develop diverse of resistance/susceptibility mechanisms to beat back the pathogens will provide basal scientific support for better prevention and control of the plant diseases.

This special issue mainly involves:

the pathogenic mechanism of pathogens
the molecular evolution, ecology and interaction mechanism of plants to microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, oomycetes and viruses), nematodes and insects.
the epigenetics in the interaction of plants and plant pathogens
the influence of pathogens on plant development and immune response at molecular and cellular levels.
the environmental regulation of the interaction of plants and plant pathogens.

Prof. Dr. Fucheng Lin
Guest Editor

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Keywords

host
effection
pathogenicity
pathogen
plant immunity
interactions

Related Special Issues

Advances of Plants-Pathogen Interaction 2023 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences (15 articles)
Advances in Plant–Pathogen Interactions 3.0 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences (6 articles)

Published Papers (13 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4980 KiB

Open AccessArticle

MoDHX35, a DEAH-Box Protein, Is Required for Appressoria Formation and Full Virulence of the Rice Blast Fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae

by Shumin Ying, Zhen Zhang, Yanan Zhang, Zhongna Hao, Rongyao Chai, Haiping Qiu, Yanli Wang, Xueming Zhu, Jiaoyu Wang, Guochang Sun and Fucheng Lin

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(16), 9015; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169015 - 12 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1385

Abstract

The DExD/H-box protein family encompasses a large number of RNA helicases that are involved in RNA metabolism and a variety of physiological functions in different species. However, there is limited knowledge of whether DExD/H-box proteins play a role in the pathogenicity of plant fungal pathogens. In the present work, the DExD/H-box protein MoDHX35, which belongs to the DEAH subfamily, was shown to be crucial in appressoria formation and full virulence of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. The predicted protein sequence of MoDHX35 had typical DEAH-box domains, showed 47% identity to DHX35 in Homo species, but had no orthologs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deletion of the MoDHX35 gene resulted in reduced tolerance of the mutants to doxorubicin, a nucleic acid synthesis disturbing agent, suggesting the involvement of MoDHX35 in RNA metabolism. MoDHX35-deleted mutants exhibited normal vegetative growth, conidia generation and conidial germination, but showed a reduced appressorium formation rate and attenuated virulence. Our work demonstrates the involvement of DEAH-box protein functions in the pathogenicity of plant fungal pathogens. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Plants-Pathogen Interaction)

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20 pages, 10901 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nucleosome Assembly Protein 1, Nap1, Is Required for the Growth, Development, and Pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae

by Qing Wang, Jing Wang, Pengyun Huang, Zhicheng Huang, Yan Li, Xiaohong Liu, Fucheng Lin and Jianping Lu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(14), 7662; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147662 - 11 Jul 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1802

Abstract

Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast, leading to significant reductions in rice and wheat productivity. Nap1 is a conserved protein in eukaryotes involved in diverse physiological processes, such as nucleosome assembly, histone shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm, transcriptional regulation, and the cell cycle. Here, we identified Nap1 and characterized its roles in fungal development and virulence in M. oryzae. MoNap1 is involved in aerial hyphal and conidiophore differentiation, sporulation, appressorium formation, plant penetration, and virulence. ΔMonap1 generated a small, elongated, and malformed appressorium with an abnormally organized septin ring on hydrophobic surfaces. ΔMonap1 was more sensitive to cell wall integrity stresses but more resistant to microtubule stresses. MoNap1 interacted with histones H₂A and H₂B and the B-type cyclin (Cyc1). Moreover, a nuclear export signal (NES) domain is necessary for Nap1’s roles in the regulation of the growth and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. In summary, NAP1 is essential for the growth, appressorium formation, and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Plants-Pathogen Interaction)

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13 pages, 3136 KiB

Open AccessArticle

TritiKBdb: A Functional Annotation Resource for Deciphering the Complete Interaction Networks in Wheat-Karnal Bunt Pathosystem

by Naveen Duhan, Raghav Kataria and Rakesh Kaundal

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(13), 7455; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137455 - 5 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1653

Abstract

The study of molecular interactions, especially the inter-species protein-protein interactions, is crucial for understanding the disease infection mechanism in plants. These interactions play an important role in disease infection and host immune responses against pathogen attack. Among various critical fungal diseases, the incidences of Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) around the world have hindered the export of the crops such as wheat from infected regions, thus causing substantial economic losses. Due to sparse information on T. indica, limited insight is available with regard to gaining in-depth knowledge of the interaction mechanisms between the host and pathogen proteins during the disease infection process. Here, we report the development of a comprehensive database and webserver, TritiKBdb, that implements various tools to study the protein-protein interactions in the Triticum species-Tilletia indica pathosystem. The novel ‘interactomics’ tool allows the user to visualize/compare the networks of the predicted interactions in an enriched manner. TritiKBdb is a user-friendly database that provides functional annotations such as subcellular localization, available domains, KEGG pathways, and GO terms of the host and pathogen proteins. Additionally, the information about the host and pathogen proteins that serve as transcription factors and effectors, respectively, is also made available. We believe that TritiKBdb will serve as a beneficial resource for the research community, and aid the community in better understanding the infection mechanisms of Karnal bunt and its interactions with wheat. The database is freely available for public use at http://bioinfo.usu.edu/tritikbdb/. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Plants-Pathogen Interaction)

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14 pages, 3656 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effector Sntf2 Interacted with Chloroplast-Related Protein Mdycf39 Promoting the Colonization of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Apple Leaf

by Meiyu Wang, Zhirui Ji, Haifeng Yan, Jie Xu, Xuanzhu Zhao and Zongshan Zhou

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(12), 6379; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126379 - 7 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1990

Abstract

Glomerella leaf spot of apple, caused by Colletotrichumgloeosporioides, is a devastating disease that leads to severe defoliation and fruit spots. The Colletotrichum species secretes a series of effectors to manipulate the host’s immune response, facilitating its colonization in plants. However, the mechanism by which the effector of C. gloeosporioides inhibits the defenses of the host remains unclear. In this study, we reported a novel effector Sntf2 of C. gloeosporioides. The transient expression of SNTF2 inhibits BAX-induced cell death in tobacco plants. Sntf2 suppresses plant defense responses by reducing callose deposition and H₂O₂ accumulation. SNTF2 is upregulated during infection, and its deletion reduces virulence to the plant. Sntf2 is localized to the chloroplasts and interacts with Mdycf39 (a chloroplast PSII assembly factor) in apple leaves. The Mdycf39 overexpression line increases susceptibility to C. gloeosporioides, whereas the Mdycf39 transgenic silent line does not grow normally with pale white leaves, indicating that Sntf2 disturbs plant defense responses and growth by targeting Mdycf39. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Plants-Pathogen Interaction)

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23 pages, 4056 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Leptosphaeria maculans-Brassica napus Battle: A Comparison of Incompatible vs. Compatible Interactions Using Dual RNASeq

by Kaluhannadige R. E. Padmathilake and Wannakuwattewaduge Gerard Dilantha Fernando

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(7), 3964; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073964 - 2 Apr 2022

Viewed by 1789

Abstract

Leptosphaeria maculans causes blackleg disease, which is one of the most destructive diseases of canola (Brassica napus L.). Due to the erosion of the current resistance in B. napus, it is pivotal to introduce new resistant genotypes to the growers. This study evaluated the potential of Rlm7 gene as resistance to its corresponding avirulence AvrLm7 gene is abundant. The Rlm7 line was inoculated with L. maculans isolate with AvrLm7; UMAvr7; and the CRISPR/Cas9 knockout AvrLm7 mutant, umavr7, of the same isolate to cause incompatible and compatible interactions, respectively. Dual RNA-seq showed differential gene expressions in both interactions. High expressions of virulence-related pathogen genes-CAZymes, merops, and effector proteins after 7-dpi in compatible interactions but not in incompatible interaction—confirmed that the pathogen was actively virulent only in compatible interactions. Salicyclic and jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling-related genes, defense-related PR1 gene (GSBRNA2T00150001001), and GSBRNA2T00068522001 in the NLR gene family were upregulated starting as early as 1- and 3-dpi in the incompatible interaction and the high upregulation of those genes after 7-dpi in compatible interactions confirmed the early recognition of the pathogen by the host and control it by early activation of host defense mechanisms in the incompatible interaction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Plants-Pathogen Interaction)

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22 pages, 3041 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Arabidopsis Plasma Membrane ATPase AHA5 Is Negatively Involved in PAMP-Triggered Immunity

by Zhenzhen Zhao, Jiangbo Fan, Yu G. Gao, Zonghua Wang, Piao Yang, Yinping Liang, Stephen Opiyo and Ye Xia

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(7), 3857; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073857 - 31 Mar 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2541

Abstract

Plants evolve a prompt and robust immune system to defend themselves against pathogen infections. Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) is the first battle layer activated upon the PAMP’s perception, which leads to multiple defense responses. The plasma membrane (PM) H⁺-ATPases are the primary ion pumps to create and maintain the cellular membrane potential that is critical for various essential biological processes, including plant growth, development, and defense. This study discovered that the PM H⁺-ATPase AHA5 is negatively involved in Arabidopsis PTI against the virulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pvr. tomato (Pto) DC3000 infection. The aha5 mutant plants caused the reduced stomata opening upon the Pto infection, which was associated with the salicylic acid (SA) pathway. In addition, the aha5 mutant plants caused the increased levels of callose deposition, defense-related gene expression, and SA accumulation. Our results also indicate that the PM H⁺-ATPase activity of AHA5 probably mediates the coupling of H₂O₂ generation and the apoplast alkalization in PTI responses. Moreover, AHA5 was found to interact with a vital defense regulator, RPM1-interacting protein 4 (RIN4), in vitro and in vivo, which might also be critical for its function in PTI. In summary, our studies show that AHA5 functions as a novel and critical component that is negatively involved in PTI by coordinating different defense responses during the Arabidopsis–Pto DC3000 interaction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Plants-Pathogen Interaction)

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15 pages, 5171 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Biosynthesis Pathway-Related Protein GPI7 Is Required for the Vegetative Growth and Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum graminicola

by Jie Mei, Na Ning, Hanxiang Wu, Xiaolin Chen, Zhiqiang Li and Wende Liu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(6), 2985; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23062985 - 10 Mar 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2030

Abstract

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring is a common post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells and has been demonstrated to have a wide range of biological functions, such as signal transduction, cellular adhesion, protein transport, immune response, and maintaining cell wall integrity. More than 25 proteins have been proven to participate in the GPI anchor synthesis pathway which occurs in the cytoplasmic and the luminal face of the ER membrane. However, the essential proteins of the GPI anchor synthesis pathway are still less characterized in maize pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola. In the present study, we analyzed the biological function of the GPI anchor synthesis pathway-related gene, CgGPI7, that encodes an ethanolamine phosphate transferase, which is localized in ER. The vegetative growth and conidia development of the ΔCgGPI7 mutant was significantly impaired in C. graminicola. and qRT-PCR results showed that the transcriptional level of CgGPI7 was specifically induced in the initial infection stage and that the pathogenicity of ΔCgGPI7 mutant was also significantly decreased compared with the wild type. Furthermore, the ΔCgGPI7 mutant displayed more sensitivity to cell wall stresses, suggesting that CgGPI7 may play a role in the cell wall integrity of C. graminicola. Cell wall synthesis-associated genes were also quantified in the ΔCgGPI7 mutant, and the results showed that chitin and β-1,3-glucans synthesis genes were significantly up-regulated in ΔCgGPI7 mutants. Our results suggested that CgGPI7 is required for vegetative growth and pathogenicity and might depend on the cell wall integrity of C. graminicola. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Plants-Pathogen Interaction)

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15 pages, 4078 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Plant Peroxisome-Targeting Effector MoPtep1 Is Required for the Virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae

by Na Ning, Xin Xie, Haiyue Yu, Jie Mei, Qianqian Li, Shimin Zuo, Hanxiang Wu, Wende Liu and Zhiqiang Li

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(5), 2515; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052515 - 24 Feb 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2508

Abstract

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most serious fungous diseases in rice. In the past decades, studies have reported that numerous M. oryzae effectors were secreted into plant cells to facilitate inoculation. Effectors target host proteins to assist the virulence of pathogens via the localization of specific organelles, such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast, etc. However, studies on the pathogenesis of peroxisome-targeting effectors are still limited. In our previous study, we analyzed the subcellular localization of candidate effectors from M. oryzae using the agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system in tobacco and found that MoPtep1 (peroxisomes-targeted effector protein 1) localized in plant peroxisomes. Here, we proved that MoPtep1 was induced in the early stage of the M. oryzae infection and positively regulated the pathogenicity, while it did not affect the vegetative growth of mycelia. Subcellular localization results showed that MoPtep1 was localized in the plant peroxisomes with a signal peptide and a cupredoxin domain. Sequence analysis indicated that the homologous protein of MoPtep1 in plant-pathogenic fungi was evolutionarily conserved. Furthermore, MoPtep1 could suppress INF1-induced cell death in tobacco, and the targeting host proteins were identified using the Y2H system. Our results suggested that MoPtep1 is an important pathogenic effector in rice blast. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Plants-Pathogen Interaction)

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15 pages, 5058 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Small GTPase FgRab1 Plays Indispensable Roles in the Vegetative Growth, Vesicle Fusion, Autophagy and Pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum

by Yanping Yuan, Meiru Zhang, Jingjing Li, Chengdong Yang, Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar, Xin Chen, Wenhui Zheng, Zonghua Wang, Huawei Zheng and Jie Zhou

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(2), 895; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020895 - 14 Jan 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2242

Abstract

Rab GTPases are key regulators of membrane and intracellular vesicle transports. However, the biological functions of FgRab1 are still unclear in the devastating wheat pathogen Fusarium graminearum. In this study, we generated constitutively active (CA) and dominant-negative (DN) forms of FgRAB1 from the wild-type PH-1 background for functional analyses. Phenotypic analyses of these mutants showed that FgRab1 is important for vegetative growth, cell wall integrity and hyphal branching. Compared to the PH-1 strain, the number of spores produced by the Fgrab1DN strain was significantly reduced, with obviously abnormal conidial morphology. The number of septa in the conidia of the Fgrab1DN mutant was fewer than that observed in the PH-1 conidia. Fgrab1DN was dramatically reduced in its ability to cause Fusarium head blight symptoms on wheat heads. GFP-FgRab1 was observed to partly localize to the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum and Spitzenkörper. Furthermore, we found that FgRab1 inactivation blocks not only the transport of the v-SNARE protein FgSnc1 from the Golgi to the plasma membrane but also the fusion of endocytic vesicles with their target membranes and general autophagy. In summary, our results indicate that FgRab1 plays vital roles in vegetative growth, conidiogenesis, pathogenicity, autophagy, vesicle fusion and trafficking in F. graminearum. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Plants-Pathogen Interaction)

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16 pages, 4374 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog Protein D (GhRbohD) Positively Regulates the Cotton Resistance to Verticillium dahliae

by Wanting Huang, Yalin Zhang, Jinglong Zhou, Feng Wei, Zili Feng, Lihong Zhao, Yongqiang Shi, Hongjie Feng and Heqin Zhu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(23), 13041; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313041 - 2 Dec 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2233

Abstract

Verticillium wilt, mainly caused by a soil-inhabiting fungus Verticillium dahliae, can seriously reduce the yield and quality of cotton. The complex mechanism underlying cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt remains largely unknown. In plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated by Rbohs is one of the earliest responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. In our previous study, we performed a time-course phospho-proteomic analysis of roots of resistant and susceptible cotton varieties in response to V. dahliae, and found early differentially expressed protein burst oxidase homolog protein D (GhRbohD). However, the role of GhRbohD-mediated ROS in cotton defense against V. dahliae needs further investigation. In this study, we analyzed the function of GhRbohD-mediated resistance of cotton against V. dahliae in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis showed that GhRbohD possessed the conservative structural attributes of Rbohs family, 12 members of RbohD out of 57 Rbohs in cotton. The expression of GhRbohD was significantly upregulated after V. dahliae inoculation, peaking at 6 hpi, and the phosphorylation level was also increased. A VIGS test demonstrated that ROS production, NO, H₂O₂ and Ca²⁺ contents of GhRbohD-silenced cotton plants were significantly reduced, and lignin synthesis and callose accumulation were damaged, important reasons for the impairment of GhRbohD-silenced cotton’s defense against V. dahliae. The expression levels of resistance-related genes were downregulated in GhRbohD-silenced cotton by qRT-PCR, mainly involving the lignin metabolism pathway and the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. However, overexpression of GhRbohD enhanced resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis to V. dahliae challenge. Furthermore, Y2H assays were applied to find that GhPBL9 and GhRPL12C may interact with GhRbohD. These results strongly support that GhRbohD activates ROS production to positively regulate the resistance of plants against V. dahliae. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Plants-Pathogen Interaction)

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16 pages, 3092 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physiological and Dual Transcriptional Analysis of Microalga Graesiella emersonii–Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum Pathosystem Uncovers Conserved Defense Response and Robust Pathogenicity

by Yi Ding, Zhongjie Wang, Yali Wang, Yahong Geng, Xiaobin Wen and Yeguang Li

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(23), 12847; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312847 - 27 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1941

Abstract

The underlying mechanisms of microalgal host–pathogen interactions remain largely unknown. In this study, we applied physiological and simultaneous dual transcriptomic analysis to characterize the microalga Graesiella emersonii–Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum interaction. Three infection stages were determined according to infection rate and physiological features. Dual RNA-seq results showed that the genes expression of G. emersonii and A. protococcarum were strongly dynamically regulated during the infection. For microalgal hosts, similar to plant defense response, the expression of defense genes involved in the pattern recognition receptors, large heat shock proteins, and reactive oxygen scavenging enzymes (glutathione, ferritin, and catalase) were significantly upregulated during infection. However, some genes encoding resistance proteins (R proteins) with a leucine-rich repeat domain exhibited no significant changes during infection. For endoparasite A. protococcarum, genes for carbohydrate-active enzymes, pathogen–host interactions, and putative effectors were significantly upregulated during infection. Furthermore, the genes in cluster II were significantly enriched in pathways associated with the modulation of vacuole transport, including endocytosis, phagosome, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and SNARE interactions in vesicular transport pathways. These results suggest that G. emersonii has a conserved defense system against pathogen and that endoparasite A. protococcarum possesses a robust pathogenicity to infect the host. Our study characterizes the first transcriptomic profile of microalgae–endoparasite interaction, providing a new promising basis for complete understanding of the algal host defense strategies and parasite pathogenicity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Plants-Pathogen Interaction)

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13 pages, 2497 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Profiling the Proteome of Cyst Nematode-Induced Syncytia on Tomato Roots

by Marcin Filipecki, Marek Żurczak, Mateusz Matuszkiewicz, Magdalena Święcicka, Wojciech Kurek, Jarosław Olszewski, Marek Daniel Koter, Douglas Lamont and Mirosław Sobczak

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(22), 12147; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212147 - 10 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1951

Abstract

Cyst nematodes are important herbivorous pests in agriculture that obtain nutrients through specialized root structures termed syncytia. Syncytium initiation, development, and functioning are a research focus because syncytia are the primary interface for molecular interactions between the host plant and parasite. The small size and complex development (over approximately two weeks) of syncytia hinder precise analyses, therefore most studies have analyzed the transcriptome of infested whole-root systems or syncytia-containing root segments. Here, we describe an effective procedure to microdissect syncytia induced by Globodera rostochiensis from tomato roots and to analyze the syncytial proteome using mass spectrometry. As little as 15 mm² of 10-µm-thick sections dissected from 30 syncytia enabled the identification of 100–200 proteins in each sample, indicating that mass-spectrometric methods currently in use achieved acceptable sensitivity for proteome profiling of microscopic samples of plant tissues (approximately 100 µg). Among the identified proteins, 48 were specifically detected in syncytia and 7 in uninfected roots. The occurrence of approximately 50% of these proteins in syncytia was not correlated with transcript abundance estimated by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis. The functional categories of these proteins confirmed that protein turnover, stress responses, and intracellular trafficking are important components of the proteome dynamics of developing syncytia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Plants-Pathogen Interaction)

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15 pages, 540 KiB

Open AccessReview

Research on the Molecular Interaction Mechanism between Plants and Pathogenic Fungi

by Lin Li, Xue-Ming Zhu, Yun-Ran Zhang, Ying-Ying Cai, Jing-Yi Wang, Meng-Yu Liu, Jiao-Yu Wang, Jian-Dong Bao and Fu-Cheng Lin

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 4658; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094658 - 22 Apr 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3319

Abstract

Plant diseases caused by fungi are one of the major threats to global food security and understanding the interactions between fungi and plants is of great significance for plant disease control. The interaction between pathogenic fungi and plants is a complex process. From the perspective of pathogenic fungi, pathogenic fungi are involved in the regulation of pathogenicity by surface signal recognition proteins, MAPK signaling pathways, transcription factors, and pathogenic factors in the process of infecting plants. From the perspective of plant immunity, the signal pathway of immune response, the signal transduction pathway that induces plant immunity, and the function of plant cytoskeleton are the keys to studying plant resistance. In this review, we summarize the current research progress of fungi–plant interactions from multiple aspects and discuss the prospects and challenges of phytopathogenic fungi and their host interactions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Plants-Pathogen Interaction)

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