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Advanced Research on Nanosensors for Molecular Sensing Applications

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Nanoscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2026 | Viewed by 533

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Neuroscience and rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: nanostructured chemioresistive sensors; sensory receptor; Ionic transporter; signal transduction
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanosensors are devices made from nanostructured materials, designed to detect physical, chemical, or biological stimuli at a very small scale. Their tiny size, high surface area, exceptional sensitivity, long-term stability, etc. make them highly attractive to researchers worldwide. Currently, nanosensors are widely used in various fields, such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, food safety, etc., allowing the detection of several diseases like cancer, diabetes, and infectious diseases by identifying biological markers, or the detection of harmful pollutants at low concentrations. Several types of nanosensors have been developed so far and the most popular ones include chemical nanosensors, which detect compounds through chemical reactions between the sensing material and the analyte; electrochemical nanosensors, which generate electrical signals based on chemical interactions; and biological nanosensors, which detect biological molecules or pathogens. A notable category within biological nanosensors is molecular biosensors, which are specifically engineered to selectively recognize and bind to target biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, neurotransmitters, and small metabolites, often with high specificity and affinity. These molecular biosensors play a crucial role in diagnostics, enabling real-time monitoring of cellular processes or disease progression. Additionally, optical, magnetic, mechanical, thermal, magnetoelastic, nano-optomechanical, and quantum nanosensors are finding increasingly wider development and applications. Each type of nanosensor is highly versatile, offering unique characteristics that make them suitable for a broad range of uses. However, many improvements and discoveries are still needed to fully unlock their potential.

This Special Issue is led by Dr. Giorgio Rispoli and assisted by Dr. Michele Astolfi (Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Italy).

Dr. Giorgio Rispoli
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nanostructure
  • microfabrication
  • nanoparticles
  • nanotechnology
  • nanomaterials
  • sensor response
  • sensitivity
  • miniaturization
  • analyte selectivity
  • molecular recognition
  • biosensor
  • sensing mechanism
  • nanowires
  • affinity sensor

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

45 pages, 49169 KB  
Review
Addressing the Challenges of Solid-State Nanopores: Strategies for Performance Enhancement
by Xi Chen, Jiayi Liu, Zhiyou Xiao, Guowei Wang, Yu Li, Hongwen Wu and Derong Xu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(6), 2536; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27062536 - 10 Mar 2026
Viewed by 296
Abstract
Solid-state nanopore sequencing, a key third-generation sequencing technology, offers considerable potential for genomics and diagnostics due to its long read lengths, real-time detection, and amplification-free operation. The technology identifies DNA sequences by measuring characteristic changes in ionic current as single-stranded DNA translocates through [...] Read more.
Solid-state nanopore sequencing, a key third-generation sequencing technology, offers considerable potential for genomics and diagnostics due to its long read lengths, real-time detection, and amplification-free operation. The technology identifies DNA sequences by measuring characteristic changes in ionic current as single-stranded DNA translocates through a nanoscale pore. However, its practical development faces challenges including limited spatiotemporal resolution, pore clogging from nonspecific adsorption, and significant electrical noise. This review systematically examines strategies developed to address these limitations. We discuss the use of ultrathin two-dimensional materials such as graphene and molybdenum disulfide to improve spatial resolution, and methods to modulate DNA translocation through optimized solution conditions, pore geometry, surface charge engineering, and bio-solid hybrid pore designs. Furthermore, we detail noise suppression strategies targeting key sources like thermal noise, 1/f noise, and dielectric noise. These approaches encompass careful material selection, surface coatings, innovations in chip and amplifier design, and machine learning–based signal processing. The review also outlines surface functionalization techniques that reduce clogging and enhance analytical specificity. While challenges remain, continued convergence of materials science, nanofabrication, and data science is advancing solid-state nanopore technology toward reliable, high-precision sequencing platforms, promising to significantly impact personalized medicine and biological research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Nanosensors for Molecular Sensing Applications)
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