Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
7.8
5.6
Journals
IJMS
Special Issues
Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen...
ijms-logo
Submit to IJMS Review for IJMS Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

► Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser
share announcement

Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 18586

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sun-goo Hwang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmnet & Applied Plant Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
Interests: plant physiology; plant biology; plant biotechnology; abiotic stress tolerance; plant molecular biology; plant genetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Abiotic stresses can have negative impacts on crop yield worldwide due to the inhibition of plant growth and development. These stresses, such as low or high temperature, high salinity, heavy metals, and high CO2 concentration, are already threatening to ensure sustainable agriculture in ecosystems. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be induced by oxidative damage to DNA, RNA, molecules, and lipid peroxidation, and can lead to cell destruction in plants. Furthermore, plant hormones, such as abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroid, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, salicylic acid, jasmonate, and strigolactones, are known to play crucial roles in the stress responses of plant. 

Various molecular and computational approaches are used to find genomic clues associated with stress tolerance in the regulation of ROS and hormones. This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences journal, titled “Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones”, aims to summarize these views.

Dr. Sun-goo Hwang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • the identification of abiotic stress-responsive genes associated with ROS and plant hormones
  • the elucidation of abiotic stress-responsive pathways
  • research on abiotic stress-adapted plants
  • studies focused on abiotic stress tolerance pathways
  • the analysis of genomic and phenotypic changes in plant responses to abiotic stress

Published Papers (16 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

19 pages, 19614 KiB  
Article
Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Exogenous NAA Effects on Maize Seedling Root Systems under Potassium Deficiency
by Dongying Zhou, Yuanchun Zhang, Qiqi Dong, Kai Wang, He Zhang, Qi Du, Jing Wang, Xiaoguang Wang, Haiqiu Yu and Xinhua Zhao
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3366; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063366 - 16 Mar 2024
Viewed by 615
Abstract
Auxin plays a crucial role in regulating root growth and development, and its distribution pattern under environmental stimuli significantly influences root plasticity. Under K deficiency, the interaction between K+ transporters and auxin can modulate root development. This study compared the differences in [...] Read more.
Auxin plays a crucial role in regulating root growth and development, and its distribution pattern under environmental stimuli significantly influences root plasticity. Under K deficiency, the interaction between K+ transporters and auxin can modulate root development. This study compared the differences in root morphology and physiological mechanisms of the low-K-tolerant maize inbred line 90-21-3 and K-sensitive maize inbred line D937 under K-deficiency (K+ = 0.2 mM) with exogenous NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA = 0.01 mM) treatment. Root systems of 90-21-3 exhibited higher K+ absorption efficiency. Conversely, D937 seedling roots demonstrated greater plasticity and higher K+ content. In-depth analysis through transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed that 90-21-3 and D937 seedling roots showed differential responses to exogenous NAA under K-deficiency. In 90-21-3, upregulation of the expression of K+ absorption and transport-related proteins (proton-exporting ATPase and potassium transporter) and the enrichment of antioxidant-related functional genes were observed. In D937, exogenous NAA promoted the responses of genes related to intercellular ethylene and cation transport to K-deficiency. Differential metabolite enrichment analysis primarily revealed significant enrichment in flavonoid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and hormone signaling pathways. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis is a crucial pathway, with core genes (related to peroxidase enzyme) and core metabolites upregulated in 90-21-3. The findings suggest that under K-deficiency, exogenous NAA induces substantial changes in maize roots, with the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway playing a crucial role in the maize root’s response to exogenous NAA regulation under K-deficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 4197 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant Activity Analysis of Native Actinidia arguta Cultivars
by Yu Kyong Hu, Soo Jae Kim, Cheol Seong Jang and Sung Don Lim
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(3), 1505; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031505 - 25 Jan 2024
Viewed by 633
Abstract
Kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta) is a perennial fruit tree belonging to the family Actinidiaceae. Kiwiberries are known to have an extremely high concentration of sugars, phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamin C, and possess delicious taste and health-promoting properties. Numerous studies have focused on [...] Read more.
Kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta) is a perennial fruit tree belonging to the family Actinidiaceae. Kiwiberries are known to have an extremely high concentration of sugars, phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamin C, and possess delicious taste and health-promoting properties. Numerous studies have focused on kiwiberry fruits, demonstrating that they possess a higher phytochemical content and greater antioxidant activities than other berry fruits. The purpose of this study was to compare the phytochemical content and antioxidant potential of leaf, stem, root, and fruit extracts from twelve kiwiberry cultivars grown in Wonju, Korea, characterized by a Dwa climate (Köppen climate classification). In most kiwiberry cultivars, the total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) phytochemical content was significantly higher in leaf and stem tissues, while the roots exhibited higher antioxidant activity. In fruit tissues, the TPC and TFC were higher in unripe and ripe kiwiberry fruits, respectively, and antioxidant activity was generally higher in unripe than ripe fruit across most of the cultivars. Based on our results, among the 12 kiwiberry cultivars, cv. Daebo and cv. Saehan have a significantly higher phytochemical content and antioxidant activity in all of the tissue types, thus having potential as a functional food and natural antioxidant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 8857 KiB  
Article
The Overexpression of Zea mays Strigolactone Receptor Gene D14 Enhances Drought Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana L.
by Chen Zhang, Fanhao Wang, Peng Jiao, Jiaqi Liu, Honglin Zhang, Siyan Liu, Shuyan Guan and Yiyong Ma
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(2), 1327; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021327 - 22 Jan 2024
Viewed by 819
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) represent a recently identified class of plant hormones that are crucial for plant tillering and mycorrhizal symbiosis. The D14 gene, an essential receptor within the SLs signaling pathway, has been well-examined in crops, like rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Arabidopsis [...] Read more.
Strigolactones (SLs) represent a recently identified class of plant hormones that are crucial for plant tillering and mycorrhizal symbiosis. The D14 gene, an essential receptor within the SLs signaling pathway, has been well-examined in crops, like rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.), yet the research on its influence in maize (Zea mays L.) remains scarce. This study successfully clones and establishes Arabidopsis D14 gene overexpression lines (OE lines). When compared with the wild type (WT), the OE lines exhibited significantly longer primary roots during germination. By seven weeks of age, these lines showed reductions in plant height and tillering, alongside slight decreases in rosette and leaf sizes, coupled with early aging symptoms. Fluorescence-based quantitative assays indicated notable hormonal fluctuations in OE lines versus the WT, implying that D14 overexpression disrupts plant hormonal homeostasis. The OE lines, exposed to cold, drought, and sodium chloride stressors during germination, displayed an especially pronounced resistance to drought. The drought resistance of OE lines, as evident from dehydration–rehydration assays, outmatched that of the WT lines. Additionally, under drought conditions, the OE lines accumulated less reactive oxygen species (ROS) as revealed by the assessment of the related physiological and biochemical parameters. Upon confronting the pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000), post-infection, fluorescence quantitative investigations showed a significant boost in the salicylic acid (SA)-related gene expression in OE lines compared to their WT counterparts. Overall, our findings designate the SL receptor D14 as a key upregulator of drought tolerance and a regulator in the biotic stress response, thereby advancing our understanding of the maize SL signaling pathway by elucidating the function of the pivotal D14 gene. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 5985 KiB  
Article
The AlkB Homolog SlALKBH10B Negatively Affects Drought and Salt Tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum
by Hui Shen, Ying Zhou, Changguang Liao, Qiaoli Xie, Guoping Chen, Zongli Hu and Ting Wu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(1), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010173 - 22 Dec 2023
Viewed by 959
Abstract
ALKBH proteins, the homologs of Escherichia coli AlkB dioxygenase, constitute a single-protein repair system that safeguards cellular DNA and RNA against the harmful effects of alkylating agents. ALKBH10B, the first discovered N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana [...] Read more.
ALKBH proteins, the homologs of Escherichia coli AlkB dioxygenase, constitute a single-protein repair system that safeguards cellular DNA and RNA against the harmful effects of alkylating agents. ALKBH10B, the first discovered N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), has been shown to regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, until now, the functional role of the plant ALKBH10B has solely been reported in arabidopsis, cotton, and poplar, leaving its functional implications in other plant species shrouded in mystery. In this study, we identified the AlkB homolog SlALKBH10B in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) through phylogenetic and gene expression analyses. SlALKBH10B exhibited a wide range of expression patterns and was induced by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stresses. By employing CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing techniques to knock out SlALKBH10B, we observed an increased sensitivity of mutants to ABA treatment and upregulation of gene expression related to ABA synthesis and response. Furthermore, the Slalkbh10b mutants displayed an enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress, characterized by higher water retention, accumulation of photosynthetic products, proline accumulation, and lower levels of reactive oxygen species and cellular damage. Collectively, these findings provide insights into the negative impact of SlALKBH10B on drought and salt tolerance in tomato plant, expanding our understanding of the biological functionality of SlALKBH10B. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 9317 KiB  
Article
Identification and Characterization of the HbPP2C Gene Family and Its Expression in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Rubber Tree
by Qifeng Liu, Bi Qin, Dong Zhang, Xiaoyu Liang, Ye Yang, Lifeng Wang, Meng Wang and Yu Zhang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(22), 16061; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216061 - 07 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 730
Abstract
Plant PP2C genes are crucial for various biological processes. To elucidate the potential functions of these genes in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of these genes using bioinformatics methods. The 60 members of the PP2C family in [...] Read more.
Plant PP2C genes are crucial for various biological processes. To elucidate the potential functions of these genes in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of these genes using bioinformatics methods. The 60 members of the PP2C family in rubber tree were identified and categorized into 13 subfamilies. The PP2C proteins were conserved across different plant species. The results revealed that the HbPP2C genes contained multiple elements responsive to phytohormones and stresses in their promoters, suggesting their involvement in these pathways. Expression analysis indicated that 40 HbPP2C genes exhibited the highest expression levels in branches and the lowest expression in latex. Additionally, the expression of A subfamily members significantly increased in response to abscisic acid, drought, and glyphosate treatments, whereas the expression of A, B, D, and F1 subfamily members notably increased under temperature stress conditions. Furthermore, the expression of A and F1 subfamily members was significantly upregulated upon powdery mildew infection, with the expression of the HbPP2C6 gene displaying a remarkable 33-fold increase. These findings suggest that different HbPP2C subgroups may have distinct roles in the regulation of phytohormones and the response to abiotic and biotic stresses in rubber tree. This study provides a valuable reference for further investigations into the functions of the HbPP2C gene family in rubber tree. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 7463 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Analysis of GH3 Gene Family in Potato and Functional Characterization of StGH3.3 under Drought Stress
by Panfeng Yao, Chunli Zhang, Tianyuan Qin, Yuhui Liu, Zhen Liu, Xiaofei Xie, Jiangping Bai, Chao Sun and Zhenzhen Bi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(20), 15122; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015122 - 12 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1322
Abstract
As an important hormone response gene, Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) maintains hormonal homeostasis by conjugating excess auxin with amino acids during plant stress-related signaling pathways. GH3 genes have been characterized in many plant species, but they are rarely reported in potato. Here, 19 [...] Read more.
As an important hormone response gene, Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) maintains hormonal homeostasis by conjugating excess auxin with amino acids during plant stress-related signaling pathways. GH3 genes have been characterized in many plant species, but they are rarely reported in potato. Here, 19 StGH3 genes were isolated and characterized. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that StGH3s were divided into two categories (group I and group III). Analyses of gene structure and motif composition showed that the members of a specific StGH3 subfamily are relatively conserved. Collinearity analysis of StGH3 genes in potato and other plants laid a foundation for further exploring the evolutionary characteristics of the StGH3 genes. Promoter analysis showed that most StGH3 promoters contained hormone and abiotic stress response elements. Multiple transcriptome studies indicated that some StGH3 genes were responsive to ABA, water deficits, and salt treatments. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis indicated that StGH3 genes could be induced by phytohormones (ABA, SA, and MeJA) and abiotic stresses (water deficit, high salt, and low temperature), although with different patterns. Furthermore, transgenic tobacco with transient overexpression of the StGH3.3 gene showed positive regulation in response to water deficits by increasing proline accumulation and reducing the leaf water loss rate. These results suggested that StGH3 genes may be involved in the response to abiotic stress through hormonal signal pathways. Overall, this study provides useful insights into the evolution and function of StGH3s and lays a foundation for further study on the molecular mechanisms of StGH3s in the regulation of potato drought resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 3092 KiB  
Article
Regulation of V-ATPase by Jasmonic Acid: Possible Role of Persulfidation
by Magdalena Zboińska, Luis C. Romero, Cecilia Gotor and Katarzyna Kabała
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 13896; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813896 - 09 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 897
Abstract
Vacuolar H+-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) is a proton pump crucial for plant growth and survival. For this reason, its activity is tightly regulated, and various factors, such as signaling molecules and phytohormones, may be involved in this process. The aim of this [...] Read more.
Vacuolar H+-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) is a proton pump crucial for plant growth and survival. For this reason, its activity is tightly regulated, and various factors, such as signaling molecules and phytohormones, may be involved in this process. The aim of this study was to explain the role of jasmonic acid (JA) in the signaling pathways responsible for the regulation of V-ATPase in cucumber roots and its relationship with other regulators of this pump, i.e., H2S and H2O2. We analyzed several aspects of the JA action on the enzyme, including transcriptional regulation, modulation of protein levels, and persulfidation of selected V-ATPase subunits as an oxidative posttranslational modification induced by H2S. Our results indicated that JA functions as a repressor of V-ATPase, and its action is related to a decrease in the protein amount of the A and B subunits, the induction of oxidative stress, and the downregulation of the E subunit persulfidation. We suggest that both H2S and H2O2 may be downstream components of JA-dependent negative proton pump regulation. The comparison of signaling pathways induced by two negative regulators of the pump, JA and cadmium, revealed that multiple pathways are involved in the V-ATPase downregulation in cucumber roots. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 4430 KiB  
Article
5-ALA Improves the Low Temperature Tolerance of Common Bean Seedlings through a Combination of Hormone Transduction Pathways and Chlorophyll Metabolism
by Xinru Xue, Minghui Xie, Li Zhu, Dong Wang, Zeping Xu, Le Liang, Jianwei Zhang, Linyu Xu, Peihan Zhou, Jianzhao Ran, Guofeng Yu, Yunsong Lai, Bo Sun, Yi Tang and Huanxiu Li
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(17), 13189; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713189 - 25 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1153
Abstract
Low-temperature stress is a key factor limiting the yield and quality of the common bean. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), an antioxidant in plants, has been shown to modulate plant cold stress responses. However, the molecular mechanisms of 5-ALA-induced physiological and chemical changes in common [...] Read more.
Low-temperature stress is a key factor limiting the yield and quality of the common bean. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), an antioxidant in plants, has been shown to modulate plant cold stress responses. However, the molecular mechanisms of 5-ALA-induced physiological and chemical changes in common bean seedlings under cold stress remains unknown. This study explored the physiological and transcriptome changes of common bean seedlings in response to cold stress after 5-ALA pretreatment. Physiological results showed that exogenous 5-ALA promotes the growth of common bean plants under cold stress, increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase: 23.8%; peroxidase: 10.71%; catalase: 9.09%) and proline content (24.24%), decreases the relative conductivity (23.83%), malondialdehyde (33.65%), and active oxygen content, and alleviates the damage caused by cold to common bean seedlings. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 214 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) participate in response to cold stress. The DEGs are mainly concentrated in indole alkaloid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, porphyrin, and chlorophyll metabolism. It is evident that exogenous 5-ALA alters the expression of genes associated with porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, as well as the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, which helps to maintain the energy supply and metabolic homeostasis under low-temperature stress. The results reveal the effect that applying exogenous 5-ALA has on the cold tolerance of the common bean and the molecular mechanism of its response to cold tolerance, which provides a theoretical basis for exploring and improving plant tolerance to low temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 7087 KiB  
Article
Role of SiPHR1 in the Response to Low Phosphate in Foxtail Millet via Comparative Transcriptomic and Co-Expression Network Analyses
by Guofang Xing, Minshan Jin, Peiyao Yue, Chao Ren, Jiongyu Hao, Yue Zhao, Xiongwei Zhao, Zhaoxia Sun and Siyu Hou
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(16), 12786; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612786 - 14 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1100
Abstract
Enhancing the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by crops is an important aim for ensuring food security worldwide. However, the gene regulatory network underlying phosphorus use in foxtail millet remains unclear. In this study, the molecular mechanism underlying low-phosphorus (LP) responsiveness in foxtail [...] Read more.
Enhancing the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by crops is an important aim for ensuring food security worldwide. However, the gene regulatory network underlying phosphorus use in foxtail millet remains unclear. In this study, the molecular mechanism underlying low-phosphorus (LP) responsiveness in foxtail millet was evaluated using a comparative transcriptome analysis. LP reduced the chlorophyll content in shoots, increased the anthocyanin content in roots, and up-regulated purple acid phosphatase and phytase activities as well as antioxidant systems (CAT, POD, and SOD). Finally, 13 differentially expressed genes related to LP response were identified and verified using transcriptomic data and qRT-PCR. Two gene co-expression network modules related to phosphorus responsiveness were positively correlated with POD, CAT, and PAPs. Of these, SiPHR1, functionally annotated as PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1, was identified as an MYB transcription factor related to phosphate responsiveness. SiPHR1 overexpression in Arabidopsis significantly modified the root architecture. LP stress caused cellular, physiological, and phenotypic changes in seedlings. SiPHR1 functioned as a positive regulator by activating downstream genes related to LP tolerance. These results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying responsiveness to LP stress, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for the genetic modification and breeding of new LP-tolerant foxtail millet varieties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 7207 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Brassinolide Signaling Pathway Control of Foxtail Millet Seedling Starch and Sucrose Metabolism under Freezing Stress, with Implications for Growth and Development
by Xiatong Zhao, Ke Ma, Zhong Li, Weidong Li, Xin Zhang, Shaoguang Liu, Ru Meng, Boyu Lu, Xiaorui Li, Jianhong Ren, Liguang Zhang and Xiangyang Yuan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11590; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411590 - 18 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1007
Abstract
Low-temperature stress limits the growth and development of foxtail millet. Freezing stress caused by sudden temperature drops, such as late-spring coldness, often occurs in the seedling stage of foxtail millet. However, the ability and coping strategies of foxtail millet to cope with such [...] Read more.
Low-temperature stress limits the growth and development of foxtail millet. Freezing stress caused by sudden temperature drops, such as late-spring coldness, often occurs in the seedling stage of foxtail millet. However, the ability and coping strategies of foxtail millet to cope with such stress are not clear. In the present study, we analyzed the self-regulatory mechanisms of freezing stress in foxtail millet. We conducted a physiological study on foxtail millet leaves at −4 °C for seven different durations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h). Longer freezing time increased cell-membrane damage, relative conductance, and malondialdehyde content. This led to osmotic stress in the leaves, which triggered an increase in free proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein contents. The increases in these substances helped to reduce the damage caused by stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. The optimal time point for the response to freezing stress was 8 h after exposure. The transcriptome analysis of samples held for 8 h at −4 °C revealed 6862 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which the majority are implicated in various pathways, including the starch and sucrose metabolic pathways, antioxidant enzyme pathways, brassinolide (BR) signaling pathway, and transcription factors, according to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment. We investigated possible crosstalk between BR signals and other pathways and found that BR signaling molecules were induced in response to freezing stress. The beta-amylase (BAM) starch hydrolase signal was enhanced by the BR signal, resulting in the accelerated degradation of starch and the formation of sugars, which served as emerging ROS scavengers and osmoregulators to resist freezing stress. In conclusion, crosstalk between BR signal transduction, and both starch and sucrose metabolism under freezing stress provides a new perspective for improving freezing resistance in foxtail millet. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 4170 KiB  
Article
Abscisic Acid Regulates Carbohydrate Metabolism, Redox Homeostasis and Hormonal Regulation to Enhance Cold Tolerance in Spring Barley
by Junhong Guo, Gerrit T. S. Beemster, Fulai Liu, Zongming Wang and Xiangnan Li
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11348; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411348 - 12 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1135
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role in the induction of low temperature tolerance in plants. To understand the molecular basis of this phenomenon, we performed a proteomic analysis on an ABA-deficit mutant barley (Az34) and its wild type (cv Steptoe) [...] Read more.
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role in the induction of low temperature tolerance in plants. To understand the molecular basis of this phenomenon, we performed a proteomic analysis on an ABA-deficit mutant barley (Az34) and its wild type (cv Steptoe) under control conditions (25/18 °C) and after exposure to 0 °C for 24 h. Most of the differentially abundant proteins were involved in the processes of photosynthesis and metabolisms of starch, sucrose, carbon, and glutathione. The chloroplasts in Az34 leaves were more severely damaged, and the decrease in Fv/Fm was larger in Az34 plants compared with WT under low temperature. Under low temperature, Az34 plants possessed significantly higher activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, fructokinase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and three invertases, but lower UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity than WT. In addition, concentrations of proline and soluble protein were lower, while concentration of H2O2 was higher in Az34 plants compared to WT under low temperature. Collectively, the results indicated that ABA deficiency induced modifications in starch and sucrose biosynthesis and sucrolytic pathway and overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species were the main reason for depressed low temperature tolerance in barley, which provide novel insights to the response of barley to low temperature under future climate change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 8815 KiB  
Article
Identification and Functional Characterization of MdNRT1.1 in Nitrogen Utilization and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Malus domestica
by Guodong Liu, Lin Rui, Yuying Yang, Ranxin Liu, Hongliang Li, Fan Ye, Chunxiang You and Shuai Zhang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9291; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119291 - 26 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1435
Abstract
Nitrate is one of the main sources of nitrogen for plant growth. Nitrate transporters (NRTs) participate in nitrate uptake and transport, and they are involved in abiotic stress tolerance. Previous studies have shown that NRT1.1 has a dual role in nitrate uptake and [...] Read more.
Nitrate is one of the main sources of nitrogen for plant growth. Nitrate transporters (NRTs) participate in nitrate uptake and transport, and they are involved in abiotic stress tolerance. Previous studies have shown that NRT1.1 has a dual role in nitrate uptake and utilization; however, little is known about the function of MdNRT1.1 in regulating apple growth and nitrate uptake. In this study, apple MdNRT1.1, a homolog of Arabidopsis NRT1.1, was cloned and functionally identified. Nitrate treatment induced an increased transcript level of MdNRT1.1, and overexpression of MdNRT1.1 promoted root development and nitrogen utilization. Ectopic expression of MdNRT1.1 in Arabidopsis repressed tolerance to drought, salt, and ABA stresses. Overall, this study identified a nitrate transporter, MdNRT1.1, in apples and revealed how MdNRT1.1 regulates nitrate utilization and abiotic stress tolerance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 85868 KiB  
Article
G-Protein β-Subunit Gene TaGB1-B Enhances Drought and Salt Resistance in Wheat
by Xin-Xin Xiong, Yang Liu, Li-Li Zhang, Xiao-Jian Li, Yue Zhao, Yan Zheng, Qian-Hui Yang, Yan Yang, Dong-Hong Min and Xiao-Hong Zhang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7337; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087337 - 15 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1653
Abstract
In the hexaploid wheat genome, there are three Gα genes, three Gβ and twelve Gγ genes, but the function of Gβ in wheat has not been explored. In this study, we obtained the overexpression of TaGB1 Arabidopsis plants through inflorescence infection, and the [...] Read more.
In the hexaploid wheat genome, there are three Gα genes, three Gβ and twelve Gγ genes, but the function of Gβ in wheat has not been explored. In this study, we obtained the overexpression of TaGB1 Arabidopsis plants through inflorescence infection, and the overexpression of wheat lines was obtained by gene bombardment. The results showed that under drought and NaCl treatment, the survival rate of Arabidopsis seedlings’ overexpression of TaGB1-B was higher than that of the wild type, while the survival rate of the related mutant agb1-2 was lower than that of the wild type. The survival rate of wheat seedlings with TaGB1-B overexpression was higher than that of the control. In addition, under drought and salt stress, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and proline (Pro) in the wheat overexpression of TaGB1-B were higher than that of the control, and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower than that of the control. This indicates that TaGB1-B could improve the drought resistance and salt tolerance of Arabidopsis and wheat by scavenging active oxygen. Overall, this work provides a theoretical basis for wheat G-protein β-subunits in a further study, and new genetic resources for the cultivation of drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant wheat varieties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 3232 KiB  
Article
OsLUX Confers Rice Cold Tolerance as a Positive Regulatory Factor
by Peng Huang, Zhengquan Ding, Min Duan, Yi Xiong, Xinxin Li, Xi Yuan and Ji Huang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6727; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076727 - 04 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1605
Abstract
During the early seedling stage, rice (Oryza sativa L.) must overcome low-temperature stress. While a few cold-tolerance genes have been characterized, further excavation of cold-resistance genes is still needed. In this study, we identified a cold-induced transcription factor—LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX)—in rice. OsLUX [...] Read more.
During the early seedling stage, rice (Oryza sativa L.) must overcome low-temperature stress. While a few cold-tolerance genes have been characterized, further excavation of cold-resistance genes is still needed. In this study, we identified a cold-induced transcription factor—LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX)—in rice. OsLUX was found to be specifically expressed in leaf blades and upregulated by both cold stress and circadian rhythm. The full-length OsLUX showed autoactivation activity, and the OsLUX protein localized throughout the entire onion cell. Overexpressing OsLUX resulted in increased cold tolerance and reduced ion leakage under cold-stress conditions during the seedling stage. In contrast, the knockout of OsLUX decreased seedling cold tolerance and showed higher ion leakage compared to the wild type. Furthermore, overexpressing OsLUX upregulated the expression levels of oxidative stress-responsive genes, which improved reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability and enhanced tolerance to chilling stress. Promoter analysis showed that the OsLUX promoter contains two dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB) motifs at positions −510/−505 (GTCGGa) and −162/−170 (cCACCGccc), which indicated that OsDREB1s and OsDREB2s probably regulate OsLUX expression by binding to the motif to respond to cold stress. Thus, OsLUX may act as a downstream gene of the DREB pathway. These results demonstrate that OsLUX serves as a positive regulatory factor of cold stress and that overexpressing OsLUX could be used in rice breeding programs to enhance abiotic stress tolerance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2206 KiB  
Article
Overexpression of LjPLT3 Enhances Salt Tolerance in Lotus japonicus
by Jiao Liu, Leru Liu, Lu Tian, Shaoming Xu, Guojiang Wu, Huawu Jiang and Yaping Chen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(6), 5149; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065149 - 08 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1503
Abstract
Intracellular polyols are used as osmoprotectants by many plants under environmental stress. However, few studies have shown the role of polyol transporters in the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses. Here, we describe the expression characteristics and potential functions of Lotus japonicus polyol [...] Read more.
Intracellular polyols are used as osmoprotectants by many plants under environmental stress. However, few studies have shown the role of polyol transporters in the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses. Here, we describe the expression characteristics and potential functions of Lotus japonicus polyol transporter LjPLT3 under salt stress. Using LjPLT3 promoter-reporter gene plants showed that LjPLT3 was expressed in the vascular tissue of L. japonicus leaf, stem, root, and nodule. The expression was also induced by NaCl treatment. Overexpression of LjPLT3 in L. japonicus modified the growth rate and saline tolerance of the transgenic plants. The OELjPLT3 seedlings displayed reduced plant height under both nitrogen-sufficient and symbiotic nitrogen fixation conditions when 4 weeks old. The nodule number of OELjPLT3 plants was reduced by 6.7–27.4% when 4 weeks old. After exposure to a NaCl treatment in Petri dishes for 10 days, OELjPLT3 seedlings had a higher chlorophyll concentration, fresh weight, and survival rate than those in the wild type. For symbiotic nitrogen fixation conditions, the decrease in nitrogenase activity of OELjPLT3 plants was slower than that of the wild type after salt treatment. Compared to the wild type, both the accumulation of small organic molecules and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were higher under salt stress. Considering the concentration of lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) in transgenic lines, we speculate that overexpression of LjPLT3 in L. japonicus might improve the ROS scavenging system to alleviate the oxidative damage caused by salt stress, thereby increasing plant salinity tolerance. Our results will direct the breeding of forage legumes in saline land and also provide an opportunity for the improvement of poor and saline soils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

11 pages, 2732 KiB  
Review
Advance Research on the Pre-Harvest Sprouting Trait in Vegetable Crop Seeds
by Yixin Qu, Yaqi Zhang, Zhongren Zhang, Shanshan Fan, Yu Qi, Fang Wang, Mingqi Wang, Min Feng, Xingwang Liu and Huazhong Ren
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(24), 17171; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417171 - 06 Dec 2023
Viewed by 893
Abstract
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), the germination of seeds on the plant prior to harvest, poses significant challenges to agriculture. It not only reduces seed and grain yield, but also impairs the commodity quality of the fruit, ultimately affecting the success of the subsequent crop [...] Read more.
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), the germination of seeds on the plant prior to harvest, poses significant challenges to agriculture. It not only reduces seed and grain yield, but also impairs the commodity quality of the fruit, ultimately affecting the success of the subsequent crop cycle. A deeper understanding of PHS is essential for guiding future breeding strategies, mitigating its impact on seed production rates and the commercial quality of fruits. PHS is a complex phenomenon influenced by genetic, physiological, and environmental factors. Many of these factors exert their influence on PHS through the intricate regulation of plant hormones responsible for seed germination. While numerous genes related to PHS have been identified in food crops, the study of PHS in vegetable crops is still in its early stages. This review delves into the regulatory elements, functional genes, and recent research developments related to PHS in vegetable crops. Meanwhile, this paper presents a novel understanding of PHS, aiming to serve as a reference for the study of this trait in vegetable crops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: The Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Hormones)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-16
Back to TopTop