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Research of Mitochondrial Function, Structure, Dynamics and Intracellular Organization: 3rd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 2023

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Heart Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Interests: mitochondria; mitochondrial function; structure; intracellular organization; heterogeneity; bioenergetics; cardiac; muscles and liver energy metabolism in normal cells and diseases; cancer
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mitochondria play a central role in maintaining cellular function by energy (ATP) production. They are also a source of reactive oxygen species and pro-apoptotic elements. In addition to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondria regulate a wide range of metabolic processes and cellular signaling mechanisms. The importance of mitochondria in many aspects of cell physiology, bioenergetics, normal cell function and ion control (particularly Ca2+) is well known. Changes in mitochondrial function and energy transfer play crucial roles in numerous diseases and in aging. Therefore, the multifaceted and comprehensive analysis of mitochondria is central to studies of energy metabolism and the pathophysiology of human diseases, including ischemia–reperfusion injury, myopathies, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The study of mitochondrial oxygen consumption (OXPHOS) can be performed using isolated mitochondria or in situ, in permeabilized cells or muscle fibers. Moreover, changes in mitochondrial structure, dynamics, organization and function can be analyzed by fluorescent imaging.

Dr. Andrey V. Kuznetsov
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • confocal fluorescent imaging
  • mitochondria
  • energy metabolism
  • mitochondrial function
  • mitochondrial dynamics
  • mitochondrial intracellular organization
  • heterogeneity
  • metabolic diseases
  • reactive oxygen species
  • signaling

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 3171 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Mitochondria Surrounding the Intercalated Discs in Heart Diseases—An Ultrastructural Pilot Study
by Rebecca Schönmehl, Daniel H. Mendelsohn, Lina Winter, Steffen Pabel, Tanja Niedermair, Katja Evert, Wing-Hoi Cheung, Ronald Man Yeung Wong, Volker H. Schmitt, Karsten Keller, Friedrich Barsch, Alexander Dietl, Jan F. Gummert, René Schramm, Samuel Sossalla and Christoph Brochhausen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7644; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147644 - 12 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1592
Abstract
Background: Mitochondria play a crucial role in adapting to fluctuating energy demands, particularly in various heart diseases. This study investigates mitochondrial morphology near intercalated discs in left ventricular (LV) heart tissues, comparing samples from patients with sinus rhythm (SR), atrial fibrillation (AF), dilated [...] Read more.
Background: Mitochondria play a crucial role in adapting to fluctuating energy demands, particularly in various heart diseases. This study investigates mitochondrial morphology near intercalated discs in left ventricular (LV) heart tissues, comparing samples from patients with sinus rhythm (SR), atrial fibrillation (AF), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Methods: Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze mitochondria within 0–3.5 μm and 3.5–7 μm of intercalated discs in 9 SR, 10 AF, 9 DCM, and 8 ICM patient samples. Parameters included mean size in µm2 and elongation, count, percental mitochondrial area in the measuring frame, and a conglomeration score. Results: AF patients exhibited higher counts of small mitochondria in the LV myocardium, resembling SR. DCM and ICM groups had fewer, larger, and often hydropic mitochondria. Accumulation rates and percental mitochondrial area were similar across groups. Significant positive correlations existed between other defects/size and hydropic mitochondria and between count/area and conglomeration score, while negative correlations between count and size/other defects and between hydropic mitochondria and count could be seen as well. Conclusion: Mitochondrial parameters in the LV myocardium of AF patients were similar to those of SR patients, while DCM and ICM displayed distinct changes, including a decrease in number, an increase in size, and compromised mitochondrial morphology. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the pathophysiological role of mitochondrial morphology in different heart diseases, providing deeper insights into potential therapeutic targets and interventions. Full article
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