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Advances in Research on Fruit Crop Breeding and Genetics: 3rd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2025) | Viewed by 6136

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of new fruit varieties is a long and tedious process, involving the crossing of parents with selected traits to generate desired seedling progenies to develop superior cultivars. While breeders’ ability to generate large populations of such progenies is almost unlimited, the management and selection of these seedlings limit the progress of this process. Therefore, molecular studies on the development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) strategies are particularly crucial, especially for fruit species with long juvenile periods, whose character evaluation, including their interaction with the rootstock, is expensive and time-consuming. In addition, most fruit species have been sequenced, and their reference genomes are available; this genomic analysis has evidenced high synteny between genomes and transcriptomes. The present post-genomic era has given rise to new features that can be applied to fruit species from a methodological point of view and from a global perspective. Firstly, researchers in this era have incorporated high-throughput sequencing methods for DNA, RNA, proteins, and epigenetic events. In addition, from a global perspective, the center of gravity of the molecular processes is focused on the expression of genes and the way in which such expression is regulated, analyzing different omics, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, or epigenetics. This global omics perspective will be investigated in this Special Issue, which will highlight the main conclusions of this recent development for fruit crop breeding and production.

Dr. Pedro Martínez-Gómez
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • fruit breeding
  • genetic
  • genomic
  • transcriptomic
  • proteomic
  • epigenetic

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 6644 KiB  
Article
Monitoring Fruit Growth and Development in Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) through Gene Expression Analysis
by Germán Ortuño-Hernández, María Sánchez, David Ruiz, Pedro Martínez-Gómez and Juan Alfonso Salazar
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 9081; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169081 - 21 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1395
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to monitor apricot development and ripening through gene expression analysis of key candidate genes using the RT-qPCR technique. Eight apricot cultivars were selected to analyze phenological and genetic patterns from pre-ripening stages through to postharvest. In [...] Read more.
The main objective of this study was to monitor apricot development and ripening through gene expression analysis of key candidate genes using the RT-qPCR technique. Eight apricot cultivars were selected to analyze phenological and genetic patterns from pre-ripening stages through to postharvest. In addition, 19 selected genes were analyzed in the contrasting cultivars ‘Cebas Red’ and ‘Rojo Pasión’ in different stages (two preharvest stages S1 and S2, one harvest stage S3, and two postharvest stages S4 and S5). This pool of genes included genes related to fruit growth and ripening, genes associated with fruit color, and genes linked to the fruit’s nutraceutical aspects. Among the studied genes, Polygalacturonase (PG), Pectin methylesterase (PME), Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS), and Myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (INO1) were directly related to fruit maturation and quality. Significant differential expression was observed between the cultivars, which correlated with variations in firmness, shelf life, and sensory characteristics of the apricots. ‘Rojo Pasión’ displayed high levels of PG, associated with rapid maturation and shorter postharvest shelf life, whereas ‘Cebas Red’ exhibited lower levels of this gene, resulting in greater firmness and extended shelf life. Genes CCD4, CRTZ, and ZDS, related to carotenoids, showed varied expression patterns during growth and postharvest stages, with higher levels in ‘Rojo Pasión’. On the other hand, Sucrose synthase (SUSY) and Lipoxygenase (LOX2) were prominent during the postharvest and growth stages, respectively. Additionally, GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (VTC2_5) was linked to better postharvest performance. This research provides valuable insights for future breeding initiatives aimed at enhancing the quality and sustainability of apricot cultivation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Fruit Crop Breeding and Genetics: 3rd Edition)
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27 pages, 11642 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Correlation between Persimmon Fruit-Sugar Components and Taste Traits from Germplasm Evaluation
by Yi Dong, Cuiyu Liu, Bangchu Gong, Xu Yang, Kaiyun Wu, Zhihui Yue and Yang Xu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7803; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147803 - 16 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1550
Abstract
Persimmon fruits are brightly colored and nutritious and are fruits that contain large amounts of sugar, vitamins, mineral elements, and phenolic substances. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in fruit-sugar components of different persimmon germplasms and their relationships with [...] Read more.
Persimmon fruits are brightly colored and nutritious and are fruits that contain large amounts of sugar, vitamins, mineral elements, and phenolic substances. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in fruit-sugar components of different persimmon germplasms and their relationships with phenotypic and flavor indices through the determination of phenotypes and sugar components and through electronic-tongue indices, which provided the basis and inspiration for the selection of different sugar-accumulating types of persimmon fruits and the selection of high-sugar persimmon varieties. Our results showed that persimmon germplasm fruit-sugar components were dominated by sucrose, glucose and fructose and that the remaining sugar components were more diverse but less distributed among the various germplasm types. Based on the proportion of each sugar component in the fruit, persimmon germplasms can be categorized into sucrose-accumulating and reduced-sugar-accumulation types. Sucrose-accumulating types are dominated by sucrose, galactose, fucose and inositol, while reduced-sugar-accumulation types are dominated by glucose, fructose, mannose-6-phosphate, and xylose. The content of sugar components in the germplasm persimmon of fruits of different types and maturity periods of also differed, with significant differences in sugar components between PCNA (pollination-constant non-astringent) and PCA (pollination-constant astringent) fruits. Cluster analysis classified 81 persimmon germplasms into three clusters, including cluster I-A, with low glucose and fructose content, and cluster I-B, with medium glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents. Cluster II was high in sucrose and fructose. Cluster III had high contents of glucose and fructose and low contents of sucrose and inositol. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Fruit Crop Breeding and Genetics: 3rd Edition)
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13 pages, 9410 KiB  
Article
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Functions of MiMYB Gene Family in Macadamia Nut Pericarp Formation
by Qiujin Tan, Xiuju Huan, Zhenzhen Pan, Xiaozhou Yang, Yuanrong Wei, Chunheng Zhou, Wenlin Wang and Lifeng Wang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 6840; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136840 - 21 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1055
Abstract
Macadamia nuts are one of the most important economic food items in the world. Pericarp thickness and flavonoid composition are the key quality traits of Macadamia nuts, but the underlying mechanism of pericarp formation is still unknown. In this study, three varieties with [...] Read more.
Macadamia nuts are one of the most important economic food items in the world. Pericarp thickness and flavonoid composition are the key quality traits of Macadamia nuts, but the underlying mechanism of pericarp formation is still unknown. In this study, three varieties with significantly different pericarp thicknesses, namely, A38, Guire No.1, and HAES 900, at the same stage of maturity, were used for transcriptome analysis, and the results showed that there were significant differences in their gene expression profile. A total of 3837 new genes were discovered, of which 1532 were functionally annotated. The GO, COG, and KEGG analysis showed that the main categories in which there were significant differences were flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and the cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, 63 MiMYB transcription factors were identified, and 56 R2R3-MYB transcription factors were clustered into different subgroups compared with those in Arabidopsis R2R3-MYB. Among them, the S4, S6, and S7 subgroups were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and pericarp formation. A total of 14 MiMYBs’ gene expression were verified by RT-qPCR analysis. These results provide fundamental knowledge of the pericarp formation regulatory mechanism in macadamia nuts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Fruit Crop Breeding and Genetics: 3rd Edition)
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13 pages, 6216 KiB  
Article
Exogenous Melatonin Application Accelerated the Healing Process of Oriental Melon Grafted onto Squash by Promoting Lignin Accumulation
by Yulei Zhu, Jieying Guo, Fang Wu, Hanqi Yu, Jiahuan Min, Yingtong Zhao, Changhua Tan, Yuanwei Liu and Chuanqiang Xu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(7), 3690; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073690 - 26 Mar 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1378
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is a vital hormone factor in plant growth and development, yet its potential to influence the graft union healing process has not been reported. In this study, we examined the effects of MT on the healing of oriental melon scion grafted [...] Read more.
Melatonin (MT) is a vital hormone factor in plant growth and development, yet its potential to influence the graft union healing process has not been reported. In this study, we examined the effects of MT on the healing of oriental melon scion grafted onto squash rootstock. The studies indicate that the exogenous MT treatment promotes the lignin content of oriental melon and squash stems by increasing the enzyme activities of hydroxycinnamoyl CoA ligase (HCT), hydroxy cinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase (HCALDH), caffeic acid/5-hydroxy-conifer aldehyde O-methyltransferase (COMT), caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-hydroxycinnamate CoA ligase (4CL), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). Using the oriental melon and squash treated with the exogenous MT to graft, the connection of oriental melon scion and squash rootstock was more efficient and faster due to higher expression of wound-induced dedifferentiation 1 (WIND1), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKB1;2), target of monopteros 6 (TMO6), and vascular-related NAC-domain 7 (VND7). Further research found that the exogenous MT increased the lignin content of the oriental melon scion stem by regulating CmCAD1 expression, and then accelerated the graft healing process. In addition, the root growth of grafted seedlings treated with the exogenous MT was more vigorous. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Fruit Crop Breeding and Genetics: 3rd Edition)
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