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Advances in Biomaterials for Hard and Soft Tissue Engineering
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Advances in Biomaterials for Hard and Soft Tissue Engineering

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 9286

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Giovanni Abatangelo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Medicine, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
Interests: hyaluronan; tissue repair
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In 1987, the National Science Foundation adopted the term “tissue engineering” to designate a novel research discipline to the development of biocompatible scaffolds, which could be utilized in clinical practice to improve or restore tissue architecture and functions. Biomaterials are chemically and biologically defined natural or synthetic scaffolds in which seeded or invading cells can organize into three-dimensional architectures with homologies to native tissue by expressing, secreting and organizing the molecules necessary to reconstruct an extracellular matrix.

The appropriate mixture of biological signals, including growth factors and an extracellular matrix, as well as the bioavailability and differentiation of multiple cell types, is essential to achieve the successful and scalable manufacture of functional tissues in vitro. Cells for preclinical development can be obtained from adult, embryonic, or extra-embryonic tissues from various mammalian species, although the ultimate proof of concept requires human materials. Stem cells are often used for tissue engineering, since they can differentiate towards different fates depending on the composition of the culture medium and the scaffold properties. Pluripotent cells can be isolated from sources such as bone marrow and adipose tissue and incorporated into three-dimensional scaffolds composed of a wide variety of natural and synthetic biomaterials.

Both natural and synthetic substances can be used to assemble biomaterials, including collagen, fibrin, hydroxyapatite, hyaluronic acid esters, cross-linked collagen, polyurethanes, polylactic and polyglycolic acid. Membranes, microspheres, tubes, non-woven meshes, gauzes, and sponges are the main architectures that are used for tissue engineering. The key biological properties required of these scaffolds are biocompatibility, biodegradability, the absence of immunogenicity, and cell adhesion.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to bring together the most recent and significant knowledge in the field of materials science with relevant applications in tissue engineering and also to highlight the most interesting directions currently considered for the development of novel and efficient biomaterials to support both soft and hard tissue engineering.

Prof. Dr. Giovanni Abatangelo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 31606 KiB  
Article
Surgical Site-Released Tissue Is Potent to Generate Bone onto TCP and PCL-TCP Scaffolds In Vitro
by Emely Rehage, Andrea Sowislok, André Busch, Eleftherios Papaeleftheriou, Melissa Jansen and Marcus Jäger
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(21), 15877; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115877 - 01 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1218
Abstract
There is evidence that surgical site tissue (SSRT) released during orthopedic surgery has a strong mesenchymal regenerative potential. Some data also suggest that this tissue may activate synthetic or natural bone substitute materials and can thus upgrade its osteopromoting properties. In this comparative [...] Read more.
There is evidence that surgical site tissue (SSRT) released during orthopedic surgery has a strong mesenchymal regenerative potential. Some data also suggest that this tissue may activate synthetic or natural bone substitute materials and can thus upgrade its osteopromoting properties. In this comparative in vitro study, we investigate the composition of SSRT during total hip replacement (n = 20) harvested using a surgical suction handle. In addition, the osteopromoting effect of the cells isolated from SSRT is elucidated when incubated with porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) or 80% medical-grade poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL)/20% TCP composite material. We identified multiple growth factors and cytokines with significantly higher levels of PDGF and VEGF in SSRT compared to peripheral blood. The overall number of MSC was 0.09 ± 0.12‰ per gram of SSRT. A three-lineage specific differentiation was possible in all cases. PCL-TCP cultures showed a higher cell density and cell viability compared to TCP after 6 weeks in vitro. Moreover, PCL-TCP cultures showed a higher osteocalcin expression but no significant differences in osteopontin and collagen I synthesis. We could demonstrate the high regenerative potential from SSRT harvested under vacuum in a PMMA filter device. The in vitro data suggest advantages in cytocompatibility for the PCL-TCP composite compared to TCP alone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomaterials for Hard and Soft Tissue Engineering)
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Review

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25 pages, 1570 KiB  
Review
Can Our Blood Help Ensure Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery?
by Lana Micko, Ilze Salma, Ingus Skadins, Karina Egle, Girts Salms and Arita Dubnika
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 1073; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021073 - 05 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2809
Abstract
In recent decades, the potential of PRF has been extensively studied. The number of studies about PRF has increased three times since the year 2012, but the full spectrum of its fundamental properties, such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, is not clearly described. [...] Read more.
In recent decades, the potential of PRF has been extensively studied. The number of studies about PRF has increased three times since the year 2012, but the full spectrum of its fundamental properties, such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, is not clearly described. In oral and maxillofacial surgery, PRF is described in alveolar ridge preservation, orthognathic surgery, cleft lip and palate surgery, maxillary sinus augmentation, and dental implant placement as demonstrating favorable results and its clinical advantages. The structural complexity, inhomogeneous nature, and clotting ability of PRF make its antimicrobial effect evaluation complicated. Nevertheless, most of the used antimicrobial testing methods are based on antibacterial agent diffusion ability in culture media. Because the oral and maxillofacial region is the most frequent area of PRF application, its antimicrobial activity evaluation also prevails in the oral microbiome. PRF’s biological potential is highly dependent on the specific preparation protocol and methodology used; it should be carefully prepared and kept under proper conditions to keep cellular content alive. PRF’s influence on living cells demonstrates a stimulating effect on bone regeneration, and an angiogenetic effect, and it provides anti-inflammatory activity. According to analyzed studies, PRF demonstrated success in oral and maxillofacial surgery in various methods of application. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties were proven by antibacterial activity against different bacterial species, sustained growth factor, sustained release, and cell activity on the material application. Accurately and correctly prepared PRF can ensure antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and it can be a beneficial clinical tool in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomaterials for Hard and Soft Tissue Engineering)
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15 pages, 3052 KiB  
Review
Research Advances in Mechanical Properties and Applications of Dual Network Hydrogels
by Xuanjun Ning, Jiani Huang, Yimuhan A, Ningning Yuan, Cheng Chen and Donghai Lin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15757; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415757 - 12 Dec 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2714
Abstract
Hydrogels with a three-dimensional network structure are particularly outstanding in water absorption and water retention because water exists stably in the interior, making the gel appear elastic and solid. Although traditional hydrogels have good water absorption and high water content, they have poor [...] Read more.
Hydrogels with a three-dimensional network structure are particularly outstanding in water absorption and water retention because water exists stably in the interior, making the gel appear elastic and solid. Although traditional hydrogels have good water absorption and high water content, they have poor mechanical properties and are not strong enough to be applied in some scenarios today. The proposal of double-network hydrogels has dramatically improved the toughness and mechanical strength of hydrogels that can adapt to different environments. Based on ensuring the properties of hydrogels, they themselves will not be damaged by excessive pressure and tension. This review introduces preparation methods for double-network hydrogels and ways to improve the mechanical properties of three typical gels. In addition to improving the mechanical properties, the biocompatibility and swelling properties of hydrogels enable them to be applied in the fields of biomedicine, intelligent sensors, and ion adsorption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomaterials for Hard and Soft Tissue Engineering)
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23 pages, 10349 KiB  
Review
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-Based Bioinks for Tendon Regeneration in Three-Dimensional Bioprinting
by Fouad Al-Hakim Khalak, Fátima García-Villén, Sandra Ruiz-Alonso, José Luis Pedraz and Laura Saenz-del-Burgo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 12930; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112930 - 26 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2055
Abstract
In the last few years, attempts to improve the regeneration of damaged tendons have been rising due to the growing demand. However, current treatments to restore the original performance of the tissue focus on the usage of grafts; although, actual grafts are deficient [...] Read more.
In the last few years, attempts to improve the regeneration of damaged tendons have been rising due to the growing demand. However, current treatments to restore the original performance of the tissue focus on the usage of grafts; although, actual grafts are deficient because they often cannot provide enough support for tissue regeneration, leading to additional complications. The beneficial effect of combining 3D bioprinting and dECM as a novel bioink biomaterial has recently been described. Tendon dECMs have been obtained by using either chemical, biological, or/and physical treatments. Although decellularization protocols are not yet standardized, recently, different protocols have been published. New therapeutic approaches embrace the use of dECM in bioinks for 3D bioprinting, as it has shown promising results in mimicking the composition and the structure of the tissue. However, major obstacles include the poor structural integrity and slow gelation properties of dECM bioinks. Moreover, printing parameters such as speed and temperature have to be optimized for each dECM bioink. Here, we show that dECM bioink for 3D bioprinting provides a promising approach for tendon regeneration for future clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biomaterials for Hard and Soft Tissue Engineering)
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