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Advances, Pitfalls and Future Perspectives for CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Genome Editing: 4th Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 4394

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Dept of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Interests: genome editing (particularly CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEN-based systems); genome editing in stem/cancer cells for disease modelling & drug testing; role of specific polymorphisms in the regulation of expression/function of genes associated with disease development; regulation of gene expression, with emphasis on understanding mechanisms of reprogramming during stress and pathology
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Guest Editor
Medical Faculty, Core Facility Transgenic Animal and Genetic Engineering Models (TRAM), University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
Interests: genome editing; CRISPR-Cas9 technology; programmable DNA endonucleases; nervous system diseases; RNA biology; disease-associated RNAs; non-protein coding RNAs; etc.
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna “for the development of a method for genome editing”. Since the initial publication on the mechanism of CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease cleavage activity and its application for the direct targeting of genomic sequences “in vitro” in 2012, multiple parallel studies in different organisms (from bacteria to human cells) have proven its unparalleled efficiency as genetic “molecular scissors” for “in vivo” manipulations. Within a short period of time, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing has emerged as a state-of-the-art approach for precise gene modification in all model organisms. It has become a powerful technology for the generation of custom-designed gene variants and gaining molecular insights into different biochemical pathways or human diseases at the cellular or organism level. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is currently under intensive development for application in the field of human gene therapy and has recently been approved for its first clinical trials. However, despite the many advantages and great potential for future research and clinical applications, existing problems (off-target activity, the induction of genome rearrangements, cellular mosaicism in transgenes, etc.) still impede the full-scale use of the technology in biomedical research. Further efforts are needed to overcome these hurdles. This Special Issue aims to cover all areas of molecular-based research that use CRISPR/Cas9 and alternative CRISPR systems for genome editing and other applications in cellular or animal models. It welcomes original research, reviews and short communication articles of which CRISPR technology is the main topic or the tool for answering mechanistic molecular questions. This includes, but is not limited to, methodological advances and identified pitfalls in CRISPR-based technology, and its application to functional genomics for disease and human gene therapy, epigenomics, proteomics, RNA biology, systems biology, etc.

  • Molecular insights into different approaches and methods for CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing;
  • The generation of disease models;
  • The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of ES cells;
  • The CRISPR/Cas9 system in cancer biology;
  • CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in model organisms (plants, fungi and animals);
  • The CRISPR/Cas9 system in epigenetic research;
  • The CRISPR/Cas9 system in gene therapy—applications and the challenges in the implementation of this technology;
  • The CRISPR/Cas9 system beyond genome editing (molecular markers, biosensors, etc.).

Dr. Alexander Kondrashov
Dr. Timofey S. Rozhdestvensky
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • molecular insights into different approaches and methods for CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing
  • the generation of disease models
  • the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of ES cells
  • the CRISPR/Cas9 system in cancer biology
  • CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in model organisms (plants, fungi and animals)
  • the CRISPR/Cas9 system in epigenetic research
  • the CRISPR/Cas9 system in gene therapy—applications and the challenges in the implementation of this technology
  • the CRISPR/Cas9 system beyond genome editing (molecular markers, biosensors, etc.)

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 3450 KiB  
Article
Studying Pathogenetic Contribution of a Variant of Unknown Significance, p.M659I (c.1977G > A) in MYH7, to the Development of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Using CRISPR/Cas9-Engineered Isogenic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
by Sophia V. Pavlova, Angelina E. Shulgina, Suren M. Zakian and Elena V. Dementyeva
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 8695; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168695 - 9 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1497
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiovascular pathology that is caused by variants in genes encoding sarcomere-associated proteins. However, the clinical significance of numerous variants in HCM-associated genes is still unknown. CRISPR/Cas9 is a tool of nucleotide sequence editing that allows for the unraveling [...] Read more.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiovascular pathology that is caused by variants in genes encoding sarcomere-associated proteins. However, the clinical significance of numerous variants in HCM-associated genes is still unknown. CRISPR/Cas9 is a tool of nucleotide sequence editing that allows for the unraveling of different biological tasks. In this study, introducing a mutation with CRISPR/Cas9 into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of a healthy donor and the directed differentiation of the isogenic iPSC lines into cardiomyocytes were used to assess the pathogenicity of a variant of unknown significance, p.M659I (c.1977G > A) in MYH7, which was found previously in an HCM patient. Using two single-stranded donor oligonucleotides with and without the p.M659I (c.1977G > A) mutation, together with CRISPR/Cas9, an iPSC line heterozygous at the p.M659I (c.1977G > A) variant in MYH7 was generated. No CRISPR/Cas9 off-target activity was observed. The iPSC line with the introduced p.M659I (c.1977G > A) mutation in MYH7 retained its pluripotent state and normal karyotype. Compared to the isogenic control, cardiomyocytes derived from the iPSCs with the introduced p.M659I (c.1977G > A) mutation in MYH7 recapitulated known HCM features: enlarged size, elevated diastolic calcium level, changes in the expression of HCM-related genes, and disrupted energy metabolism. These findings indicate the pathogenicity of the variant. Full article
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Review

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26 pages, 3206 KiB  
Review
CRISPR-Cas Systems: A Functional Perspective and Innovations
by Carla Navarro, María P. Díaz, Pablo Duran, Ana Castro, Andrea Díaz, Clímaco Cano, Ana-Karina Carbonell-Zabaleta, Donny-Sabrith Solano-Jimenez, Diego Rivera-Porras, Julio César Contreras-Velásquez and Valmore Bermúdez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(8), 3645; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26083645 - 12 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1035
Abstract
Adaptation is a fundamental tenet of evolutionary biology and is essential for the survival of all organisms, including prokaryotes. The evolution of clustered regularity exemplifies this principle of interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and associated proteins (Cas), an adaptive immune system that confers [...] Read more.
Adaptation is a fundamental tenet of evolutionary biology and is essential for the survival of all organisms, including prokaryotes. The evolution of clustered regularity exemplifies this principle of interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and associated proteins (Cas), an adaptive immune system that confers resistance to viral infections. By integrating short segments of viral genomes into their own, bacteria and archaea develop a molecular memory that enables them to mount a rapid and targeted response upon subsequent viral challenges. The fortuitous discovery of this immune mechanism prompted many studies and introduced researchers to novel tools that could potentially be developed from CRISPR-Cas and become clinically relevant as biotechnology rapidly advances in this area. Thus, a deeper understanding of the underpinnings of CRISPR-Cas and its possible therapeutic applications is required. This review analyses the mechanism of action of the CRISPR-Cas systems in detail and summarises the advances in developing biotechnological tools based on CRISPR, opening the field for further research. Full article
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21 pages, 1952 KiB  
Review
Efforts to Downsize Base Editors for Clinical Applications
by Beomjong Song
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(5), 2357; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052357 - 6 Mar 2025
Viewed by 853
Abstract
Since the advent of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system in the gene editing field, diverse CRISPR-based gene editing tools have been developed for treating genetic diseases. Of these, base editors (BEs) are promising because they can carry out precise [...] Read more.
Since the advent of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system in the gene editing field, diverse CRISPR-based gene editing tools have been developed for treating genetic diseases. Of these, base editors (BEs) are promising because they can carry out precise gene editing at single-nucleotide resolution without inducing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which pose significant risks of genomic instability. Despite their outstanding advantages, the clinical application of BEs remains challenging due to their large size, which limits their efficient delivery, particularly in adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based systems. To address this issue, various strategies have been explored to reduce the size of BEs. These approaches include truncating the nonessential domains and replacing the bulky components with smaller substitutes without compromising the editing efficiency. In this review, we highlight the importance of downsizing BEs for therapeutic applications and introduce recent advances in size-reduction strategies. Additionally, we introduce the ongoing efforts to overcome other limitations of BEs, providing insights into their potential for improving in vivo gene editing. Full article
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