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Radiobiology—New Advances

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 October 2025 | Viewed by 127

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
National Research Council (CNR)—Institute of Bioimaging and Complex Biological Systems (IBSBC), Cefalù, PA, Italy
Interests: space biology; radiobiology; cancer biology; radiosensitizing agents; cell and molecular biology; tumor immunology; human pathology; immunotherapy; biomarkers; target therapies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Research Council (CNR)—Institute of Bioimaging and Complex Biological Systems (IBSBC), Cefalù, PA, Italy
Interests: radiobiology; cancer; radiosensitizing agents; cell and molecular biology; genomics; gene signatures; biomarkers; human genetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

To date, radiobiology has played a pivotal role in understanding how ionizing radiation affects living systems, from molecular and cellular mechanisms to tissue and organism-level responses.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in uncovering the complex biological processes triggered by radiation exposure, including DNA damage and repair pathways, cell cycle regulation, immune modulation, and the tumor microenvironment. These insights are critical for optimizing radiotherapy protocols, overcoming radioresistance, and minimizing side effects on healthy tissues.

This Special Issue aims to present the latest research and emerging trends in radiobiology, highlighting innovative approaches that are driving the field forward. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, radiation-induced signaling pathways, radiosensitizers and radioprotectors, hypoxia-related mechanisms, normal tissue toxicity, and novel irradiation techniques such as FLASH and particle therapy. Studies incorporating systems biology, 3D models, omics technologies, and artificial intelligence are particularly welcome, as they offer new opportunities for precision medicine.

By bringing together contributions from both basic and translational research, this Special Issue seeks to foster a deeper understanding of radiation biology and its application to cancer treatment and beyond.

Dr. Marco Calvaruso
Dr. Luigi Minafra
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • radiobiology
  • radiotherapy
  • radiosensitizing agents
  • radioresistance
  • DNA damage
  • FLASH radiotherapy
  • particle therapy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

22 pages, 812 KiB  
Review
Radiation Therapy Personalization in Cancer Treatment: Strategies and Perspectives
by Marco Calvaruso, Gaia Pucci, Cristiana Alberghina and Luigi Minafra
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(13), 6375; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26136375 - 2 Jul 2025
Abstract
Modern oncology increasingly relies on personalized strategies that aim to customize medical interventions, using both tumor biology and clinical features to enhance efficacy and minimize adverse effects. In recent years, precision medicine has been implemented as part of systemic therapies; however, its integration [...] Read more.
Modern oncology increasingly relies on personalized strategies that aim to customize medical interventions, using both tumor biology and clinical features to enhance efficacy and minimize adverse effects. In recent years, precision medicine has been implemented as part of systemic therapies; however, its integration into radiation therapy (RT) is still a work in progress. Conventional RT treatment plans are based on the Linear Quadratic (LQ) model and utilize standardized alpha and beta ratios (α/β), which ignore the high variability in terms of treatment response between and within patients. Recent advances in radiobiology, as well as general medical technologies, have also driven a shift toward more tailored approaches, including in RT. This review provides an overview of current knowledge and future perspectives for the personalization of RT, highlighting the role of tumor and patient-specific biomarkers, advanced imaging techniques, and novel therapeutic approaches. As an alternative to conventional RT modalities, hadron therapy and Flash RT are discussed as innovative approaches with the potential to improve tumor targeting while sparing normal tissues. Furthermore, the synergistic combination of RT with immunotherapy is discussed as a potential strategy to support antitumor immune responses and overcome resistance. By integrating biological insights, technological innovation, and clinical expertise, personalized radiation therapy may significantly advance the precision oncology paradigm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiobiology—New Advances)
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