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Radiobiology—New Advances
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Radiobiology—New Advances

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2026 | Viewed by 3938

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marco Calvaruso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Research Council (CNR)—Institute of Bioimaging and Complex Biological Systems (IBSBC), Cefalù, PA, Italy
Interests: space biology; radiobiology; cancer biology; radiosensitizing agents; cell and molecular biology; tumor immunology; human pathology; immunotherapy; biomarkers; target therapies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Luigi Minafra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Research Council (CNR)—Institute of Bioimaging and Complex Biological Systems (IBSBC), Cefalù, PA, Italy
Interests: radiobiology; cancer; radiosensitizing agents; cell and molecular biology; genomics; gene signatures; biomarkers; human genetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

To date, radiobiology has played a pivotal role in understanding how ionizing radiation affects living systems, from molecular and cellular mechanisms to tissue and organism-level responses.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in uncovering the complex biological processes triggered by radiation exposure, including DNA damage and repair pathways, cell cycle regulation, immune modulation, and the tumor microenvironment. These insights are critical for optimizing radiotherapy protocols, overcoming radioresistance, and minimizing side effects on healthy tissues.

This Special Issue aims to present the latest research and emerging trends in radiobiology, highlighting innovative approaches that are driving the field forward. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, radiation-induced signaling pathways, radiosensitizers and radioprotectors, hypoxia-related mechanisms, normal tissue toxicity, and novel irradiation techniques such as FLASH and particle therapy. Studies incorporating systems biology, 3D models, omics technologies, and artificial intelligence are particularly welcome, as they offer new opportunities for precision medicine.

By bringing together contributions from both basic and translational research, this Special Issue seeks to foster a deeper understanding of radiation biology and its application to cancer treatment and beyond.

Dr. Marco Calvaruso
Dr. Luigi Minafra
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • radiobiology
  • radiotherapy
  • radiosensitizing agents
  • radioresistance
  • DNA damage
  • FLASH radiotherapy
  • particle therapy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

23 pages, 1950 KB  
Review
Physiologically Relevant Organotypic Tissue Slice Model for Evaluating Cell Responses to Ionizing Radiation
by Victoria Shestakova, Ekaterina Smirnova, Elena Isaeva, Anna Smirnova, Dmitrii Atiakshin, Elena Yatsenko, Anna Yakimova, Sergey Koryakin, Denis Baranovskii, Vyacheslav Saburov, Yana Sulina, Lyudmila Komarova, Sergey Ivanov, Peter Shegay, Andrey Kaprin and Ilya Klabukov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(6), 2850; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27062850 - 21 Mar 2026
Abstract
Precision in radiotherapy requires the development of standardized, reproducible, and biologically relevant models to accurately assess the efficacy and safety of various radiobiological sources. This review presents a novel approach using precision-cut organotypic tissue slices (OTSs), or organotypic tissue cultures (OTCs), as a [...] Read more.
Precision in radiotherapy requires the development of standardized, reproducible, and biologically relevant models to accurately assess the efficacy and safety of various radiobiological sources. This review presents a novel approach using precision-cut organotypic tissue slices (OTSs), or organotypic tissue cultures (OTCs), as a representative model with potential for unifying the assessment of radiobiological sources. Derived from specific organs, OTSs retain the complex architecture and multicellular environment of the tissue, providing a unique platform that bridges the gap between in vitro cell cultures and in vivo animal models. The typed OTSs can effectively mimic the in vivo physiological responses to ionizing radiation, providing insight into the mechanisms of radiation-induced damage and repair, and the potential for radiation-induced toxicity and side effects. The emerging practices for the use of OTSs in radiobiological studies include slice mechanical preparation, radiation exposure, and outcomes assessment. The prepared approach for OTS preparation promises to improve the reliability and comparability of radiobiological studies, facilitating the development of safer and more effective radiation therapies. OTSs have the potential to significantly advance our understanding and application of radiation medicine and research by providing a physiologically relevant assessment of radiobiological effects of novel ionizing radiation sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiobiology—New Advances)
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21 pages, 812 KB  
Review
Radiation Therapy Personalization in Cancer Treatment: Strategies and Perspectives
by Marco Calvaruso, Gaia Pucci, Cristiana Alberghina and Luigi Minafra
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(13), 6375; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26136375 - 2 Jul 2025
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2978
Abstract
Modern oncology increasingly relies on personalized strategies that aim to customize medical interventions, using both tumor biology and clinical features to enhance efficacy and minimize adverse effects. In recent years, precision medicine has been implemented as part of systemic therapies; however, its integration [...] Read more.
Modern oncology increasingly relies on personalized strategies that aim to customize medical interventions, using both tumor biology and clinical features to enhance efficacy and minimize adverse effects. In recent years, precision medicine has been implemented as part of systemic therapies; however, its integration into radiation therapy (RT) is still a work in progress. Conventional RT treatment plans are based on the Linear Quadratic (LQ) model and utilize standardized alpha and beta ratios (α/β), which ignore the high variability in terms of treatment response between and within patients. Recent advances in radiobiology, as well as general medical technologies, have also driven a shift toward more tailored approaches, including in RT. This review provides an overview of current knowledge and future perspectives for the personalization of RT, highlighting the role of tumor and patient-specific biomarkers, advanced imaging techniques, and novel therapeutic approaches. As an alternative to conventional RT modalities, hadron therapy and Flash RT are discussed as innovative approaches with the potential to improve tumor targeting while sparing normal tissues. Furthermore, the synergistic combination of RT with immunotherapy is discussed as a potential strategy to support antitumor immune responses and overcome resistance. By integrating biological insights, technological innovation, and clinical expertise, personalized radiation therapy may significantly advance the precision oncology paradigm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Radiobiology—New Advances)
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