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ABC Transporters: Where Are We 45 Years On? (2nd Edition)

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2025 | Viewed by 277

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Interests: ABC transporters; molecular dynamics simulations; multidrug resistance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

ABC transporters are a large family of integral membrane proteins that are found in almost all species. Most are comprised of two membrane spanning domains and two ATP-Binding Cassettes, with the four domains organised into a conserved architecture. Prokaryotic ABCs import essential nutrients, trace metals, and vitamins, while eukaryotic ABCs export drugs, toxins, sterols, lipids, and metabolites. Many human diseases result from genetic lesions in various ABC genes that prevent expression or result in a dysfunctional version.

Researchers have struggled to solve the structure and function of ABC transporters since the 1976 discovery of P-glycoprotein, a toxin exporter in humans that causes anticancer drug resistance when overexpressed. A wealth of biochemical and biophysical studies has accrued over decades and dozens of X-ray and Cryo-EM structures have been solved in the past 20 years. We still do not know the complete cycle of mechanistic steps and inter- and intradomain movements that link ATP hydrolysis to the translocation of solutes across membranes, though various models have been proposed.

This Special Issue is a continuation of previous Special Issue “ABC Transporters: Where Are We 45 Years On?” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms/special_issues/ABC_transporter),  and will focus on what we know about the structure-function of ABC transporters, and why it is difficult to solve the enigma of the ABC transporter mechanism. The characterisation of some individual transporters will be addressed, especially in relation  to human diseases.

Dr. Anthony M George
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nucleotide-binding cassette
  • transmembrane binding domain
  • drug resistance
  • X-ray and cryo-EM structures
  • molecular dynamics simulations
  • ABC transporter

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

23 pages, 8442 KiB  
Review
Mapping the Role of P-gp in Multidrug Resistance: Insights from Recent Structural Studies
by Shi Ting Tia, Min Luo and Wenjie Fan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(9), 4179; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094179 - 28 Apr 2025
Viewed by 159
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1), a key ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, plays a central role in multidrug resistance (MDR), one of the leading causes of chemotherapy failure in cancer treatment. P-gp actively pumps chemotherapeutic agents out of cancer cells, reducing intracellular drug concentration and compromising therapeutic [...] Read more.
P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1), a key ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, plays a central role in multidrug resistance (MDR), one of the leading causes of chemotherapy failure in cancer treatment. P-gp actively pumps chemotherapeutic agents out of cancer cells, reducing intracellular drug concentration and compromising therapeutic efficacy. Recent advancements in structural biology, particularly cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), have revealed detailed conformational states of P-gp, providing unprecedented insights into its transport mechanisms. In parallel, studies have identified various P-gp mutants in cancer patients, many of which are linked to altered drug efflux activity and resistance phenotypes. This review systematically examines recent structural studies of P-gp, correlates known patient-derived mutations to their functional consequences, and explores their impact on MDR. We propose plausible mechanisms by which these mutations affect P-gp’s activity based on structural evidence and discuss their implications for chemotherapy resistance. Additionally, we review current approaches for P-gp inhibition, a critical strategy to restore drug sensitivity in resistant cancers, and outline future research directions to combat P-gp-mediated MDR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ABC Transporters: Where Are We 45 Years On? (2nd Edition))
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