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Metabolic Dynamics and Immune Surveillance in the Tumor Microenvironment

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2026 | Viewed by 458

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
Interests: cancer research; tumor microenvironment; therapeutics; molecular signaling; cellular biochemistry; cell death mechanism; cancer metastasis; metabolism; ciliary pathways; endocrinology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem where metabolic changes significantly influence tumor growth and immune response. Cancer cells often reprogram their metabolism to support rapid proliferation, creating conditions that not only favor tumor survival but also impair immune cell function, leading to immune evasion. Immune surveillance within the TME is equally influenced by metabolic changes. Immune cells, including T cells and macrophages, rely on specific metabolic pathways to function effectively. The altered metabolic landscape, such as alterations in nutrient availability, oxygen levels, and waste accumulation, influences the function of immune cells within the TME and can hinder immune cell activation, differentiation, and persistence, thus impairing the body's ability to mount an effective anti-tumor immune response. Understanding the interplay between metabolism and immune surveillance in the TME can provide valuable insights into how metabolic alterations influence tumor immunity and resistance to therapies.

This Special Issue will showcase reviews and original research articles focusing on innovative approaches to the metabolic profiling of immune responses, with a particular emphasis on applications in immune-related carcinogenic conditions. Notably, it will explore the essential role of metabolic dynamics within the TME and how they impact immune cell behavior, drawing on insights from cell culture, tumoroid, ex vivo, and animal model studies. Mechanistically, it will highlight how the interplay between metabolism and immune surveillance contributes to immune evasion and tumor progression. Furthermore, this Special Issue will discuss emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting metabolic vulnerabilities within tumors to restore immune function and enhance cancer treatment efficacy. By providing a deeper understanding of these processes, this Special Issue will inspire novel approaches to cancer therapy that leverage both metabolic and immune modulation to achieve improved patient outcomes.

Dr. Jyoti Kaushal
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cancer
  • TME
  • metabolism
  • immune cells
  • signaling pathway
  • therapy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 630 KB  
Article
Hormone Receptor Positive/HER2 Negative Breast Carcinoma: Association of PIK3CA Mutational Status with PD-L1 and Tumor Cell Microenvironment and Their Prognostic Significance
by Danijel Lopac, Emina Babarović, Justin Hagen, Petra Valković Zujić, Damir Grebić and Ita Hadžisejdić
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9489; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199489 - 28 Sep 2025
Viewed by 181
Abstract
Novel research data in different cancer types indicate that mutations within PIK3CA might serve as a biomarker of an improved response to immune therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and examine possible differences in the tumor microenvironment composition and [...] Read more.
Novel research data in different cancer types indicate that mutations within PIK3CA might serve as a biomarker of an improved response to immune therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and examine possible differences in the tumor microenvironment composition and PD-L1 expression as well the prognostic significance of CD4, CD8, CD68, and CD163 in PIK3CA mutated and non-mutated hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative (HR+/HER2−) breast carcinoma. Breast carcinoma tissue was analyzed by Cobas PIK3CA mutation test for the presence of PIK3CA mutation and immunohistochemistry was applied to assess PD-L1 expression and CD4, CD8, CD68, and CD163 infiltration within tumor. Statistically significant association was observed between PD-L1 expression and the presence of PIK3CA exon 20 mutation (p = 0.044), with PD-L1–positive patients predominantly harboring this mutation. Tumors harboring PIK3CA mutations exhibited moderate to strong statistically significant positive correlations between PD-L1 expression and infiltration by CD8 cells (rs = 0.462, p = 0.0027), CD68 cells (rs = 0.398, p = 0.0134), and CD163 cells (rs = 0.617, p < 0.0001). In patients with PIK3CA mutation and exon 20 PIK3CA mutation there was statistically significant longer survival without recurrence (p = 0.026 and p = 0.041, respectively). Research regarding PD-L1 expression, immune cells and PIK3CA mutations might have an impact on how to determine therapeutic approaches for patients with HR+/HER2− breast carcinoma. Full article
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