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Focus on Hippocampus Biology: From Neurophysiology to Dysfunctions (2nd Edition)
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Focus on Hippocampus Biology: From Neurophysiology to Dysfunctions (2nd Edition)

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 995

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Manuela Dicarlo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: neurodegenerative diseases; Alzheimer’s disease; depression; anxiety; memory; learning; ageing; neuroinflammation; neurotrophic factors; synaptic plasticity; cell biology; irisin; prefrontal cortex; hippocampus; histology; electron microscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The hippocampus is a fascinating brain region that is primarily devoted to spatial and episodic memory, learning, spatial navigation, and emotional behavior. Electrophysiological, biochemical, and molecular techniques have evidenced that these hippocampus-dependent functions are guaranteed by the complex and plastic neural circuits that connect the main hippocampal regions (i.e., the Cornu ammonis and dentate gyrus) with their surrounding cerebral areas and the adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. However, hippocampal networks exhibit pronounced vulnerability to deleterious conditions, e.g., ischemia, chronic stress, neuroinflammation, aging, etc., which may damage the hippocampal cytoarchitecture and lead to various neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Therefore, this Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences aims to advance investigations into the hippocampus and warmly encourages the submission of original research articles and exhaustive reviews that examine the physiopathology of the hippocampus from a molecular and cellular perspective.

Dr. Manuela Dicarlo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • hippocampus
  • dentate gyrus
  • cornu ammonis (CA)
  • spatial memory
  • episodic memory
  • learning
  • spatial navigation
  • synaptic plasticity
  • neuroplasticity
  • neurogenesis
  • ischemia
  • neuroinflammation
  • chronic stress
  • aging
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • epilepsy
  • depression
  • anxiety

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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13 pages, 1906 KiB  
Article
Age-Related sncRNAs in Human Hippocampal Tissue Samples: Focusing on Deregulated miRNAs
by Ainhoa Alberro, Rocío Del Carmen Bravo-Miana, Saioa GS Iñiguez, Andrea Iribarren-López, Marta Arroyo-Izaga, Ander Matheu, Maider Muñoz-Culla and David Otaegui
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 12872; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312872 - 29 Nov 2024
Viewed by 314
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), play an important role in transcriptome regulation by binding to mRNAs and post-transcriptionally inhibiting protein production. This regulation occurs in both physiological and pathological conditions, where the expression of many miRNAs is altered. Previous reports by [...] Read more.
Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), play an important role in transcriptome regulation by binding to mRNAs and post-transcriptionally inhibiting protein production. This regulation occurs in both physiological and pathological conditions, where the expression of many miRNAs is altered. Previous reports by our group and others have demonstrated that miRNA expression is also altered during aging. However, most studies have analyzed human peripheral blood samples or brain samples from animal models, leaving a gap in knowledge regarding miRNA expression in the human brain. In this work, we analyzed the expression of sncRNAs from coronal sections of human hippocampal samples, a tissue with a high vulnerability to deleterious conditions such as aging. Samples from young (n = 5, 27–49 years old), old (n = 8, 58–88 years old), and centenarian (n = 3, 97, 99, and 100 years old) individuals were included. Our results reveal that sncRNAs, particularly miRNAs, are differentially expressed (DE) in the human hippocampus with aging. Besides, miRNA-mediated regulatory networks revealed significant interactions with mRNAs deregulated in the same hippocampal samples. Surprisingly, 80% of DE mRNA in the centenarian vs. old comparison are regulated by hsa-miR-192-5p and hsa-miR-3135b. Additionally, validated hsa-miR-6826-5p, hsa-let-7b-3p, hsa-miR-7846, and hsa-miR-451a emerged as promising miRNAs that are deregulated with aging and should be further investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Hippocampus Biology: From Neurophysiology to Dysfunctions (2nd Edition))
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Review

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21 pages, 2794 KiB  
Review
The BDNF-Interactive Model for Sustainable Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Humans: Synergistic Effects of Environmentally-Mediated Physical Activity, Cognitive Stimulation, and Mindfulness
by Mohamed Hesham Khalil
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 12924; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312924 - 1 Dec 2024
Viewed by 491
Abstract
This paper bridges critical gaps through proposing a novel, environmentally mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-interactive model that promises to sustain adult hippocampal neurogenesis in humans. It explains how three environmental enrichment mechanisms (physical activity, cognitive stimulation, and mindfulness) can integratively regulate BDNF and [...] Read more.
This paper bridges critical gaps through proposing a novel, environmentally mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-interactive model that promises to sustain adult hippocampal neurogenesis in humans. It explains how three environmental enrichment mechanisms (physical activity, cognitive stimulation, and mindfulness) can integratively regulate BDNF and other growth factors and neurotransmitters to support neurogenesis at various stages, and how those mechanisms can be promoted by the physical environment. The approach enables the isolation of specific environmental factors and their molecular effects to promote sustainable BDNF regulation by testing the environment’s ability to increase BDNF immediately or shortly before it is consumed for muscle repair or brain update. This model offers a novel, feasible method to research environment enrichment and neurogenesis dynamics in real-world human contexts at the immediate molecular level, overcoming the confounds of complex environment settings and challenges of long-term exposure and structural plasticity changes. The model promises to advance understanding of environmental influences on the hippocampus to enhance brain health and cognition. This work bridges fundamental gaps in methodology and knowledge to facilitate more research on the enrichment–neuroplasticity interplay for humans without methodological limitations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Hippocampus Biology: From Neurophysiology to Dysfunctions (2nd Edition))
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