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Membrane Proteins: Structure, Function, and Drug Discovery

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 1115

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Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
Interests: chaperone; olfaction; structural biology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Membrane protein research is critical for understanding fundamental cellular processes and advancing therapeutic strategies. Membrane proteins, such as receptors, ion channels, and transporters, are essential for a wide range of physiological functions, including signal transduction, nutrient uptake, and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. When these proteins malfunction, they can contribute to various diseases. As a result, membrane proteins are vital targets for drug discovery, particularly G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels, which are central to many modern therapies.

Recent advances in structural biology, including cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and computational modeling, have significantly enhanced our understanding of the detailed mechanisms underlying membrane protein function. These breakthroughs also facilitate the design of more targeted and effective drugs.

Additionally, understanding how membrane proteins interact with lipids and their surrounding environment is crucial for elucidating their roles in disease and developing more precise therapies.

In summary, research on membrane proteins is foundational to both basic biology and the development of novel medical treatments, with broad implications for human health and disease management.

Prof. Dr. Masafumi Yohda
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • ion channel
  • GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptor)
  • membrane transporters
  • signal transduction
  • membrane lipids
  • cryo-EM (cryo-electron microscopy)
  • membrane protein folding
  • membrane rafts
  • reconstitution

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 7585 KiB  
Article
Harnessing Odorant Receptor Activation to Suppress Real Malodor
by Reina Kanemaki, Kahori Kishigami, Mei Saito, Masafumi Yohda and Yosuke Fukutani
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(4), 1566; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26041566 - 13 Feb 2025
Viewed by 887
Abstract
Mammals, including humans, sense smell by the responses of odorant receptors (ORs) to odor molecules. We have developed an effective method to identify novel antagonists capable of suppressing the pungent odor of cat urine by targeting specific ORs. Since odors are typically complex [...] Read more.
Mammals, including humans, sense smell by the responses of odorant receptors (ORs) to odor molecules. We have developed an effective method to identify novel antagonists capable of suppressing the pungent odor of cat urine by targeting specific ORs. Since odors are typically complex mixtures of multiple volatile compounds, olfactory perception can vary depending on the composition. We analyzed the response of ORs to cat urine odor using vapor stimulation assays to identify the responding ORs. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was then performed to identify compounds eliciting responses from these ORs. Trace-amine-associated receptor 5 (TAAR5) demonstrated a significant response associated with the odor intensity of cat urine, identifying trimethylamine as a major contributor to the strong odor. From hundreds of candidate compounds, we identified several novel antagonists that exhibited greater efficacy than a known TAAR5 antagonist. These compounds not only reduced the responses of TAAR5-expressing cells to cat urine odor but also significantly reduced odor intensity and improved sensory pleasantness in human tests. Our findings suggest that targeting ORs responsive to specific odors, without isolating their individual components, is a promising strategy for developing deodorizing agents against complex malodors like cat urine odor. This study emphasizes the value of using real odor mixtures to enhance our understanding of odor perception. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Membrane Proteins: Structure, Function, and Drug Discovery)
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