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Molecular and Translational Research of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 3764

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
Interests: lung cancer; precision oncology; immunotherapy; rare cancer; head and neck cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the most prevalent form. Recent molecular research has significantly enhanced our understanding of the genetic alterations driving NSCLC development and progression. Key discoveries include the identification of driver mutations in genes such as EGFR, ALK, ROS1, RET, MET, KRAS, BRAF, HER2, and NTRK, which have unraveled the age of precision oncology and have led to the development of targeted therapies with improved patient outcomes and survival. Furthermore, the exploration of the tumor microenvironment and immune evasion mechanisms has paved the way for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which have also helped to improve patient outcomes and have facilitated the presence of an increasing percentage of long-term survivors. Both targeted therapy and immunotherapy became part of standard treatment for patients with advanced disease, but now their role is rapidly expanding to earlier stages.

Thanks to this translational research, the prognosis of patients with NSCLC has significantly improved, but there is still much work to be carried out. Moreover, molecular research must continue to discover new driver mutations, resistance mechanisms, and biomarkers.

This Special Issue will encompass the latest advances in NSCLC precision medicine and targeted therapy, new potential driver molecular mechanisms, resistance molecular mechanisms to targeted therapy, molecular biomarkers of efficacy or toxicity to immunotherapy, and resistance molecular mechanisms to immunotherapy, both in advanced and early-stage disease.

Dr. Xabier Mielgo Rubio
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • non-small cell lung cancer
  • precision medicine
  • targeted therapy
  • resistance mechanisms
  • immunotherapy
  • molecular biomarkers

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

19 pages, 731 KiB  
Review
Transformation to Neuroendocrine Phenotype in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma: A Literature Review
by Irene Hernández de Córdoba, Xabier Mielgo-Rubio, Paloma Cejas, Jorge Palomar Ramos, Beatriz Garrido-Rubiales, Sandra Falagán Martínez, Gustavo Rubio Romero, María Morales Parga, Laura Moll Taltavull, Andrea Fernández González, Enrique Casado Sáenz and María Sereno
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(11), 5096; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115096 - 26 May 2025
Viewed by 3310
Abstract
Neuroendocrine transformation in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an uncommon but clinically significant resistance mechanism to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. This phenomenon, primarily observed in adenocarcinoma (ADC) with EGFR mutations under tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, leads to histological transformation into small-cell [...] Read more.
Neuroendocrine transformation in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an uncommon but clinically significant resistance mechanism to targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. This phenomenon, primarily observed in adenocarcinoma (ADC) with EGFR mutations under tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, leads to histological transformation into small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), commonly associated with an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis. Standard platinum–etoposide chemotherapy provides only transient disease control, highlighting the urgent need for improved therapeutic strategies. Early identification of transformation through biopsy, liquid biopsy, or biomarkers like neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (pro-GRP) may allow for early intervention. As targeted therapies continue to develop, understanding the molecular drivers of neuroendocrine transformation is crucial for optimizing treatment. Further research into novel treatment approaches, including combination therapies with TKIs, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and epigenetic modulators, is required to improve outcomes for these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Translational Research of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer)
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