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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Behind Motor Neurons

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 713

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
Interests: apoptosis; inflammation; hydrogen sulfide; motor neuron; astrocytes

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Guest Editor
Department of Medical, Human Movement and Well-Being Sciences, University of Naples Parthenope, 80133 Naples, Italy
Interests: dopaminergic circuitry; neurodegeneration; cellular neuropathology; miRNA and dopaminergic phenotype; electrophysiology and microfluorometry; animal models of neurodegenerative disease; dopamine and Parkinson's disease; dopamine and early life social stress

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since its description by Jean-Martin Charcot in 1869, our knowledge of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), defined as a lethal neurodegenerative disease affecting both the upper and lower motoneurons, has widely increased. Although the primary cause remains the death of the motor neuron, increased understanding of disease pathophysiology has attested that ALS is a multisystem disorder affecting the brain and beyond. Indeed, the pathology involves the primary motor cortex spreading via axonal projections within motor and extramotor systems, including subcortical structures. A proportion of ALS patients display extramotor deficits (namely cognitive–behavioral disturbances, impaired ocular movements, and extrapyramidal alterations), which seem to correspond to the pathological involvement of the relevant cerebral structures. In addition, the crosstalk between neuronal and non-neuronal cells, and between peripheral organs and the central nervous system, is now established as an essential contributor to the neurodegenerative process.

This Special Issue of IJMS aims to focus on the contribution of areas of the brain behind the motor system and the motor neuron, including peripheral organs and the impact of an altered metabolism. ALS goes beyond motor neuron death, and this Special Issue aims to pinpoint this aspect of ALS pathology, collecting new insights underlying ALS as a multisystem disorder.

Your contribution to this Special Issue, either with original research or review articles, will be highly appreciated.

Prof. Dr. Patrizia Longone
Dr. Ezia Guatteo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • non-neuronal cells
  • neurotransmitters
  • systemic disease
  • motor system
  • neuronal circuitry
  • skeletal muscle metabolism
  • muscle oxidative metabolism

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

20 pages, 2161 KiB  
Review
Neuroinflammation and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Recent Advances in Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines as Therapeutic Strategies
by Costanza Stacchiotti, Simona Mazzella di Regnella, Miriam Cinotti, Alida Spalloni and Elisabetta Volpe
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(8), 3854; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26083854 - 18 Apr 2025
Viewed by 498
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response occurring within the central nervous system (CNS). The process is marked by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, small-molecule messengers, and reactive oxygen species. Microglia and astrocytes are primarily involved in this process, while endothelial cells and infiltrating [...] Read more.
Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response occurring within the central nervous system (CNS). The process is marked by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, small-molecule messengers, and reactive oxygen species. Microglia and astrocytes are primarily involved in this process, while endothelial cells and infiltrating blood cells contribute to neuroinflammation when the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is damaged. Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as a pathological hallmark of several neurological diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and is closely linked to neurodegeneration, another key feature of ALS. In fact, neurodegeneration is a pathological trigger for inflammation, and neuroinflammation, in turn, contributes to motor neuron (MN) degeneration through the induction of synaptic dysfunction, neuronal death, and inhibition of neurogenesis. Importantly, resolution of acute inflammation is crucial for avoiding chronic inflammation and tissue destruction. Inflammatory processes are mediated by soluble factors known as cytokines, which are involved in both promoting and inhibiting inflammation. Cytokines with anti-inflammatory properties may exert protective roles in neuroinflammatory diseases, including ALS. In particular, interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-9 have been shown to exert an anti-inflammatory role in the CNS. Other recently emerging immune regulatory cytokines in the CNS include IL-35, IL-25, IL-37, and IL-27. This review describes the current understanding of neuroinflammation in ALS and highlights recent advances in the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines within CNS with a particular focus on their potential therapeutic applications in ALS. Furthermore, we discuss current therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing the anti-inflammatory response to modulate neuroinflammation in this disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Behind Motor Neurons)
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