Thyroid Hormone Signaling: Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Implications

Dear Colleagues,

Thyroid hormones are fundamental regulators of metabolism, development, cellular differentiation, and energy homeostasis. Their actions are mediated by complex molecular mechanisms that include both genomic and non-genomic pathways, involving precise tissue-specific regulation, a close interplay with mitochondrial function, and tight control of cellular redox homeostasis. Disruption of these mechanisms contributes to the development of multiple systemic pathologies, highlighting the importance of understanding the endocrine and molecular mechanisms underlying thyroid hormones action in diverse pathophysiological contexts.

This Special Issue aims to bring together original research articles and review papers addressing the following key thematic areas:

• Primary thyroid disorders, such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and their consequences on cellular metabolism, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress across different organs and systems.
• Metabolic diseases associated with thyroid dysfunction, including obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, with emphasis on the role of thyroid hormones in energy homeostasis, alterations in cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
• Cardiovascular and muscular pathologies, focusing on the effects of thyroid hormones on the heart and skeletal muscle, oxidative metabolism, reactive oxygen species production, and tissue remodeling processes.
• Inflammatory and immunological diseases, addressing the modulation of immune responses by thyroid hormones, the role of oxidative stress in chronic inflammation and thyroid autoimmunity, and the interaction between thyroid hormone signaling and redox-immune pathways.
• Neurological disorders, development, and aging, considering the role of thyroid hormones in neurodevelopment, brain function, neuroinflammation, and redox imbalance-associated cellular aging processes.
• Cancer and cellular proliferation, analyzing thyroid hormones as modulators of tumor growth, mitochondrial and redox signaling pathways, and their impact on the tumor microenvironment.

By integrating classical thyroid endocrinology with modern mechanistic approaches, this Special Issue provides a translational perspective to advance understanding of thyroid pathophysiology and identify novel therapeutic targets.

Prof. Dr. María Laura Barreiro Arcos
Prof. Dr. Horacio Eduardo Romeo
Guest Editors

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