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Phytohormones: From Physiological Response to Application
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Phytohormones: From Physiological Response to Application

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2025) | Viewed by 3313

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Asta Žukauskaite

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Interests: auxins; synthetic plant growth regulators; application
Dr. Karel Doležal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
2. Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
Interests: plant growth regulators; cytokinins; analytical chemistry; mass spectrometry; structure–activity relationships

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Phytohormones are naturally occurring small-size molecules that play pivotal roles in modulating physiological processes in plants. This Special Issue aims to delve into mechanisms by which phytohormones and other plant-growth-regulating substances influence plant growth, development, and responses to external stimuli. Manuscripts that bridge the gap between scientific studies and real-world implementation, exploring the potential practical applications of acquired knowledge across agricultural and horticultural contexts are especially encouraged. Moreover, in the view of escalating global temperatures and changing weather patterns, the development of novel plant-growth-regulating substances holds immense promise. Thus, manuscripts on the synthesis and biological evaluation of such compounds are also welcome.

Dr. Asta Žukauskaite
Dr. Karel Doležal
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant growth and development
  • application
  • phytohormones
  • new plant-growth-regulating substances
  • phytohormone cross-talk

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 6706 KiB  
Article
Application of Long-Chained Auxin Conjugates Influenced Auxin Metabolism and Transcriptome Response in Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis
by Ana Smolko, Jelena Repar, Marija Matković, Iva Pavlović, Aleš Pěnčík, Ondřej Novák, Jutta Ludwig-Müller and Branka Salopek-Sondi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(1), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010447 - 28 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1730
Abstract
Auxin amino acid conjugates are considered to be storage forms of auxins. Previous research has shown that indole-3-acetyl-L-alanine (IAA-Ala), indole-3-propionyl-L-alanine (IPA-Ala) and indole-3-butyryl-L-alanine (IBA-Ala) affect the root growth of Brassica rapa seedlings. To elucidate the potential mechanism of action of the conjugates, we [...] Read more.
Auxin amino acid conjugates are considered to be storage forms of auxins. Previous research has shown that indole-3-acetyl-L-alanine (IAA-Ala), indole-3-propionyl-L-alanine (IPA-Ala) and indole-3-butyryl-L-alanine (IBA-Ala) affect the root growth of Brassica rapa seedlings. To elucidate the potential mechanism of action of the conjugates, we treated B. rapa seedlings with 0.01 mM IAA-, IPA- and IBA-Ala and investigated their effects on the auxin metabolome and transcriptome. IBA-Ala and IPA-Ala caused a significant inhibition of root growth and a decrease in free IAA compared to the control and IAA-Ala treatments. The identification of free auxins IBA and IPA after feeding experiments with IBA-Ala and IPA-Ala, respectively, confirms their hydrolysis in vivo and indicates active auxins responsible for a stronger inhibition of root growth. IBA-Ala caused the induction of most DEGs (807) compared to IPA-Ala (417) and IAA-Ala (371). All treatments caused similar trends in transcription profile changes when compared to control treatments. The majority of auxin-related DEGs were found after IBA-Ala treatment, followed by IPA-Ala and IAA-Ala, which is consistent with the apparent root morphology. In addition to most YUC genes, which showed a tendency to be downregulated, transcripts of auxin-related DEGs that were identified (UGT74E2, GH3.2, SAUR, IAA2, etc.) were more highly expressed after all treatments. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the hydrolysis of conjugates and the release of free auxins are responsible for the effects of conjugate treatments. In conclusion, free auxins released by the hydrolysis of all auxin conjugates applied affect gene regulation, auxin homeostasis and ultimately root growth inhibition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytohormones: From Physiological Response to Application)
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Review

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19 pages, 2406 KiB  
Review
The Multifaceted Impact of Karrikin Signaling in Plants
by Qilin Deng, Hongyang Wang, Yanhong Qiu, Dexin Wang, Yang Xia, Yumeng Zhang, Manying Pei, Yinling Zhao, Xiulan Xu and Haijun Zhang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(6), 2775; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26062775 - 19 Mar 2025
Viewed by 333
Abstract
Karrikins (KARs), produced during wildfires, are bioactive compounds that stimulate seed germination in fire-prone ecosystems and influence broader plant–environment interactions. These compounds act through the α/β hydrolase receptor KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), which perceives KARs as analogs of the hypothesized phytohormone KAI2 ligand (KL). [...] Read more.
Karrikins (KARs), produced during wildfires, are bioactive compounds that stimulate seed germination in fire-prone ecosystems and influence broader plant–environment interactions. These compounds act through the α/β hydrolase receptor KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), which perceives KARs as analogs of the hypothesized phytohormone KAI2 ligand (KL). KAR signaling shares molecular parallels with strigolactones (SLs), another class of butenolide plant hormones, and regulates diverse processes such as seedling development, root architecture, photomorphogenesis, and stress responses. Despite its multifaceted roles, the mechanistic basis of KAR-mediated regulation remains poorly understood. This review synthesizes insights into KAR signaling mechanisms, emphasizing recent advances in signal transduction pathways and functional studies. It also addresses key unresolved questions, including the identity of endogenous KL and the crosstalk between KARs and other hormonal networks. By elucidating these mechanisms, KAR-based strategies hold promises for enhancing crop resilience and sustainability, offering novel avenues for agricultural innovation in changing environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytohormones: From Physiological Response to Application)
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19 pages, 1438 KiB  
Review
Progress in Plant Nitric Oxide Studies: Implications for Phytopathology and Plant Protection
by Michaela Sedlářová, Tereza Jedelská, Aleš Lebeda and Marek Petřivalský
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(5), 2087; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052087 - 27 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 494
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous free radical known to modulate plant metabolism through crosstalk with phytohormones (especially ABA, SA, JA, and ethylene) and other signaling molecules (ROS, H2S, melatonin), and to regulate gene expression (by influencing DNA methylation and histone [...] Read more.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous free radical known to modulate plant metabolism through crosstalk with phytohormones (especially ABA, SA, JA, and ethylene) and other signaling molecules (ROS, H2S, melatonin), and to regulate gene expression (by influencing DNA methylation and histone acetylation) as well as protein function through post-translational modifications (cysteine S-nitrosation, metal nitrosation, tyrosine nitration, nitroalkylation). Recently, NO has gained attention as a molecule promoting crop resistance to stress conditions. Herein, we review innovations from the NO field and nanotechnology on an up-to-date phytopathological background. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytohormones: From Physiological Response to Application)
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