3D Printing in Food Industry: An Emerging Technology for Food Customization and Elaboration

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 2809

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo–USP, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
Interests: biodegradable polymers; extrusion; 3D food printing; starch; biomaterials; polymeric materials; biopolymers; 3D printing; scaffold development; 3D bioprinting

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Three-dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a transformative technology that has gained traction in various industries. In the food sector, it offers unique opportunities for customization, innovation, and enhanced efficiency in food production. Three-dimensional food printing creates intricate shapes, textures, and flavours by layering ingredients to form complex structures, revolutionizing how food is prepared and consumed. This technology has the potential to tackle key challenges in the food industry, such as sustainability, personalized nutrition, and reducing food waste.

Current cutting-edge research in 3D food printing explores the use of alternative food materials such as plant-based proteins, insect powders, and lab-grown meats. Researchers are investigating how 3D printing can enhance the nutritional profile of foods, provide tailored meals for specific dietary needs, and improve food sustainability by utilizing ingredients like algae or food waste. Other areas of innovation include the development of multi-material printers that allow for more intricate designs and the exploration of how 3D printing could be integrated into large-scale food production processes, potentially revolutionizing the way food is mass-produced.

This research explores the development and application of 3D printing technology in the food industry. We seek to assess how 3D printing is enabling food customization, personalization, and the elaboration of complex food structures, as well as its potential to support sustainable food systems and innovative food design. This area of research focuses on understanding the technological advancements, potential health benefits, regulatory challenges, and future opportunities for scaling 3D food printing for both industry and consumer use.

We invite original research and review articles that explore the following topics:

  • Technological advancements in 3D food printing hardware and software;
  • Applications of 3D printing for personalized nutrition and meal customization;
  • Sustainability aspects of 3D food printing, including the use of alternative or waste-derived ingredients;
  • The sensory, nutritional, and functional evaluation of 3D-printed foods;
  • Regulatory and safety challenges associated with the commercialization of 3D-printed foods;
  • Case studies showcasing innovative uses of 3D printing in food design, catering, or large-scale food production;
  • Consumer acceptance and market potential of 3D-printed foods.

Prof. Dr. Bianca Maniglia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Foods is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • 3D food printing
  • additive manufacturing in food
  • personalized nutrition
  • food customization
  • sustainable food technology
  • novel food ingredients
  • edible materials
  • food design
  • digital fabrication in food industry

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

25 pages, 13700 KiB  
Article
Development of NADES–Annatto Seed Extract for Enhancing 3D Printed Food Designed for Dysphagia Patients
by Sara Kierulff Balabram, Larissa Tessaro, Maria Eduarda de Almeida Astolfo, Pedro Augusto Invernizzi Sponchiado, Stanislau Bogusz Junior and Bianca C. Maniglia
Foods 2025, 14(9), 1604; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091604 - 1 May 2025
Viewed by 296
Abstract
This study develops a 3D printed food designed for dysphagia patients, incorporating a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES)–annatto seed extract. The objective was to enhance textural properties and bioactive retention in food matrices tailored for individuals with swallowing difficulties. NADES extraction was compared [...] Read more.
This study develops a 3D printed food designed for dysphagia patients, incorporating a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES)–annatto seed extract. The objective was to enhance textural properties and bioactive retention in food matrices tailored for individuals with swallowing difficulties. NADES extraction was compared to ethanol, with the extracts incorporated into gelatin and starch hydrogels. Gelatin, a widely used biopolymer, improved mechanical properties and printability, ensuring a cohesive and structured matrix for 3D printing. Textural analysis showed that starch-based 3D printed hydrogels exhibited lower hardness, adhesiveness, and gumminess compared to molded samples, making them more suitable for dysphagia-friendly diets than gelatin-based formulations. The IDDSI fork test confirmed that selected 3D printed samples met essential texture requirements for safe consumption by dysphagia patients. The combination of NADES-extracted bioactive compounds and 3D printing enabled the development of functional foods with optimized texture and nutritional properties. Additionally, gelatin played a key role in enhancing elasticity and structural integrity in printed samples, reinforcing its potential for food texture modification. This study presents an innovative approach to dysphagia-friendly food formulation, integrating green extraction methods with advanced food processing technologies, paving the way for safer, nutritionally enhanced, and customizable functional foods for individuals with swallowing disorders. Full article
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

15 pages, 2790 KiB  
Article
Optimizing 3D Food Printing of Surimi via Regression Analysis: Physical Properties and Additive Formulations
by Jong Bong Lee, Na Young Yoon, Yeon Joo Bae, Ga Yeon Kwon, Suk Kyung Sohn, Hyo Rim Lee, Hyeong Jun Kim, Min Jae Kim, Ha Eun Park and Kil Bo Shim
Foods 2025, 14(5), 889; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14050889 - 5 Mar 2025
Viewed by 809
Abstract
This study aimed to optimize the three-dimensional (3D) printing parameters for surimi-based inks and investigate the effects of additives (starch, salt, and water) on the rheological and textural properties of surimi paste, aiming to develop a universal formulation applicable across three fish species: [...] Read more.
This study aimed to optimize the three-dimensional (3D) printing parameters for surimi-based inks and investigate the effects of additives (starch, salt, and water) on the rheological and textural properties of surimi paste, aiming to develop a universal formulation applicable across three fish species: Alaska pollock, golden threadfin bream, and hairtail. By analyzing the hardness, adhesiveness, storage modulus (G′), and complex viscosity of the surimi inks, a formula was developed to identify the range of physical properties required for stable and precise 3D printing. The parameter windows to build a 3D structure with a 45° slope were as follows: hardness, 150–415 g/cm2, and adhesion, −300 to −115 g. Mixing surimi with additives such as water, salt, and starch to obtain the desired physical properties facilitated the printing of 3D surimi samples using a 3D food printer. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2972 KiB  
Article
Development of an Operational Map for the 3D Printing of Phytosterol-Enriched Oleogels: Rheological Insights and Applications in Nutraceutical Design
by María Itatí De Salvo, Camila Palla and Ivana M. Cotabarren
Foods 2025, 14(2), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14020200 - 10 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1177
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing attracts significant interest in the food industry for its ability to create complex structures and customize nutritional content. Printing materials, or inks, are specially formulated for food or nutraceuticals. These inks must exhibit proper rheological properties to flow smoothly during [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing attracts significant interest in the food industry for its ability to create complex structures and customize nutritional content. Printing materials, or inks, are specially formulated for food or nutraceuticals. These inks must exhibit proper rheological properties to flow smoothly during printing and form stable final structures. This study evaluates the relationship between rheological properties and printability in phytosterol-enriched monoglyceride (MG) oleogel-based inks, intended for nutraceutical applications. Key rheological factors, including gelation temperature (Tg), elastic (G′) and viscous (G″) modulus, and viscosity (µ) behavior with shear rate (γ˙), were analyzed for their impact on flow behavior and post-extrusion stability. Furthermore, this study allowed the development of an operation map to predict successful printing based on material µ and Tg. Oleogels (OGs) were prepared with high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) and 10 wt% MG, enriched with phytosterols (PSs) at concentrations between 0 and 40 wt%. While higher PS content generally led to an increase in both Tg and µ, the 10 wt% PS mixture exhibited a different behavior, showing lower Tg and µ compared to the 0 wt% and 5 wt% PS mixtures. The optimal PS concentration was identified as 20 wt%, which exhibited optimal properties for 3D printing, with a Tg of 78.37 °C and µ values ranging from 0.013 to 0.032 Pa.s that yielded excellent flowability and adequate G′ (3.07 × 106 Pa) at room temperature for self-supporting capability. These characteristics, visualized on the operational map, suggest that 20% PS OGs meet ideal criteria for successful extrusion and layered deposition in 3D printing. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop