Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Flows, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Fluids (ISSN 2311-5521). This special issue belongs to the section "Non-Newtonian and Complex Fluids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2027 | Viewed by 762

Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
Interests: biofluid mechanics; mathematical modeling; boundary element method; mesh reduction method; reduced-order modeling; volume of fluid; optimization schemes; numerical algorithms; multiphysics modeling; in silico and in vitro modeling techniques
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
Interests: in vitro modeling; biofluid mechanics; experimental flow visualization and tracking techniques; 3D printing techniques; computer vision; instrumentation and controls; machine learning algorithms; multiphysics modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advances in cardiovascular flow research have significantly expanded our understanding of the complex hemodynamics governing the heart and vascular system across a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological conditions. Progress in multiscale and multiphysics modeling, together with developments in computational analysis, experimental techniques, and medical imaging, has enabled increasingly rigorous investigation of cardiovascular transport phenomena from microscale blood flow interactions to organ-level circulatory behavior. These advances are improving mechanistic understanding, diagnostic assessment, and therapeutic planning for clinically important conditions such as congenital heart disease and congestive heart failure.

In addition to in silico techniques, advances in medical imaging and data acquisition technologies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Doppler ultrasound, have greatly enhanced our ability to visualize and measure cardiovascular flows in vivo. Complementing these approaches, experimental flow visualization and measurement techniques such as particle image velocimetry (PIV) have provided powerful laboratory-based means to quantify flow fields with high spatial and temporal resolution. Together, these methodologies have enabled researchers to map flow structures, identify pathological flow conditions, validate computational predictions, and assess the hemodynamic performance of cardiovascular devices, including stents, grafts, prosthetic valves, and circulatory support systems.

This Special Issue of Fluids is dedicated to recent advances in cardiovascular flows, with particular emphasis on studies involving uncertainty quantification, data-driven flow analysis, and reduced-order modeling. Original research and review article contributions are encouraged, spanning computational, experimental, and imaging-based investigations of cardiovascular hemodynamics across microscopic and macroscopic scales, under diverse pathological conditions, and in the context of disease modeling, device optimization, and clinically relevant flow assessment.

Prof. Dr. Eduardo Divo
Dr. Arka Das
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cardiovascular hemodynamics
  • biofluid mechanics
  • multiscale and multiphysics modeling
  • in silico modeling
  • computational fluid dynamics
  • in vitro modeling
  • particle image velocimetry
  • cardiovascular devices
  • uncertainty quantification
  • data-driven flow analysis
  • reduced-order modeling

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 2533 KB  
Article
In Vitro Study of the Effect of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm on Pulse Wave Velocity Measurement Using 4D-Flow MRI
by Damian Craiem, Mariano E. Casciaro, Ezequiel López, Sofía Sarraf, Sebastián Graf, Edmundo Cabrera Fischer, Alejandro Valda and Eduardo E. Rodríguez
Fluids 2026, 11(7), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids11070177 - 13 Jul 2026
Viewed by 482
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a critical condition with high rupture risk, and the maximum diameter alone is insufficient for prediction. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), a surrogate of aortic stiffness, can be estimated using 4D-Flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but requires validation under [...] Read more.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a critical condition with high rupture risk, and the maximum diameter alone is insufficient for prediction. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), a surrogate of aortic stiffness, can be estimated using 4D-Flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but requires validation under dilated conditions. This in vitro study examined the relationship between PWV and stiffness by comparing healthy and aneurysmal compliant aortic models. Two latex phantoms were fabricated to represent normal and AAA geometries. A circulatory MRI-compatible system simulated physiological inlet flow, with flow rates measured across perpendicular planes using 4D- and 2D-Flow MRI. PWV was derived from transit times of the systolic upstroke and interplane distances. Complementary 1D numerical simulations and laboratory flowmeter measurements were performed. Although the wall elasticity and thickness were identical, PWV in the healthy model ranged from 6.2 to 7.7 m/s and in the aneurysmal model it ranged from 14.2 to 15 m/s. This increase was confirmed by temporal overlap of thoracic flow curves and reduced slope in the transit time–distance regression. Results were consistent across simulations, 2D-Flow, and flowmeter data. Findings highlight that indirect 4D-Flow assessment of thoracic stiffness in the presence of AAA must account for wave reflections introduced by dilation, which significantly alter PWV estimation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Flows, 2nd Edition)
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