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Fluids
Special Issues
Cardiovascular Hemodynamics
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Cardiovascular Hemodynamics

A special issue of Fluids (ISSN 2311-5521).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2022) | Viewed by 15413

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Eduardo Divo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanical Engineering Department, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
Interests: biofluid mechanics; mathematical modeling; boundary element method; mesh reduction method; reduced-order modeling; volume of fluid; optimization schemes; numerical algorithms; multiphysics modeling; in silico and in vitro modeling techniques
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Alain Kassab

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
Interests: biofluid mechanics; mathematical modeling; boundary element method; mesh reduction method; reduced-order modeling; volume of fluid; optimization schemes; numerical algorithms; in silico and in vitro modeling techniques
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ray Prather

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanical Engineering Department, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
Interests: in silico modeling; computational fluid dynamics; large-eddy simulation; fluid–structure interaction; volume of fluid; biofluid mechanics; cardiovascular, congenital heart defects; multiscale modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Arka Das

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanical Engineering Department, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
Interests: in vitro modeling; biofluid mechanics; experimental flow visualization and tracking techniques; 3D printing techniques; computer vision; instrumentation and controls; machine learning algorithms; multiphysics modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular hemodynamics is replete with a myriad of occurrences of biofluid mechanics problems, and pathologies usually modify normal hemodynamics in various ways. The recent emergence of in silico and in vitro modeling within this domain has enabled researchers to effectively investigate various pathophysiological flow conditions and complex anatomical anomalies in the cardiovascular system. Efforts to elucidate the underlying flow physics behind these anomalous flow conditions through computational modeling and laboratory experiments are of paramount importance. In silico, in vitro, and in vivo techniques are used to understand, predict, test emerging pathologies, and identify possible solutions in a highly interdisciplinary environment (biochemistry, engineering, and clinical). This Special Issue of Fluids is dedicated to current advances in the field of computational and experimental modeling of cardiovascular hemodynamics. This volume is intended to present groundbreaking research modeling techniques and the latest advances in the realm of cardiovascular hemodynamics at the microscopic and macroscopic levels, under various degrees and typologies of pathologies (healthy to diseased subjects). This issue will comprise original research as well as review articles.

Prof. Dr. Eduardo Divo
Prof. Dr. Alain Kassab
Dr. Ray Prather
Dr. Arka Das
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fluids is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular system
  • biofluid mechanics
  • hemodynamics
  • in silico modeling
  • computational fluid dynamics
  • in vitro modeling
  • flow visualization and tracking

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4800 KiB  
Article
Experience of Patient-Specific CFD Simulation of Blood Flow in Proximal Anastomosis for Femoral-Popliteal Bypass
by Yana Ivanova, Andrey Yukhnev, Ludmila Tikhomolova, Evgueni Smirnov, Andrey Vrabiy, Andrey Suprunovich, Alexey Morozov, Gennady Khubulava and Valery Vavilov
Fluids 2022, 7(10), 314; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids7100314 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4237
Abstract
Femoral artery bypass surgery needs postoperative monitoring due to the high complication risks after bypass. Numerical simulation is an effective tool to help solve this task. This work presents the experience of patient-specific CFD simulation of blood flow in proximal anastomosis for femoral-popliteal [...] Read more.
Femoral artery bypass surgery needs postoperative monitoring due to the high complication risks after bypass. Numerical simulation is an effective tool to help solve this task. This work presents the experience of patient-specific CFD simulation of blood flow in proximal anastomosis for femoral-popliteal bypass, including patient follow-up after bypass surgery. Six cases of proximal anastomosis of femoral-popliteal bypass 3–30 months after surgery were studied. A repeated study was performed for four patients to monitor geometric and hemodynamic changes. The blood flow structure variety in proximal anastomoses and the blood flow dynamics during the cardiac cycle are described in detail using CFD simulation. Special attention is paid to time-average wall shear stresses (TAWSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) distributions. Low and oscillatory wall shear stresses were registered in the graft downstream from the suture, especially in case of low inlet flow. It was shown that the postoperative geometry changes led to significant hemodynamic changes; thereby, neointima has grown in areas with initially low and oscillatory wall shear stresses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Hemodynamics)
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11 pages, 2866 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study of Collateral Patency following Overlapped Multilayer Flow Modulators Deployment
by Simon Tupin, Kei Takase and Makoto Ohta
Fluids 2022, 7(7), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids7070220 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1770
Abstract
Decades after its introduction, endovascular aneurysm repair remains a challenging procedure with risks of collateral patency failure. Here, we investigate the ability of a porous stent, the Multilayer Flow Modulator (MFM), to maintain renal perfusion after a single or overlapping case. Silicone models [...] Read more.
Decades after its introduction, endovascular aneurysm repair remains a challenging procedure with risks of collateral patency failure. Here, we investigate the ability of a porous stent, the Multilayer Flow Modulator (MFM), to maintain renal perfusion after a single or overlapping case. Silicone models representing an ideal infrarenal AAA geometry were used to analyze and compare three cases (control, single MFM and two overlapped MFMs). Micro-computed tomography was used to image the deployed MFM devices geometry and evaluate pore size and density along with porosity in both two (planimetric) and three dimensions (gravimetric). Laser particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments were performed to image velocity and vorticity fields at the aorta-renal bifurcation. Flow experiments revealed renal arteries perfusion preservation in both single and overlapped cases. Microstructure analysis revealed an uneven distribution of wires in the MFM devices leading to local change in planimetric porosity and pore size. Overlap of a second MFM device led to a significant decrease in those 2D metrics but did not affect the gravimetric porosity and the branch perfusion. This first microstructure evaluation of MFM device combined with flow experiments revealed the ability of the device to preserve collateral flow thanks to a highly porous microstructure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Hemodynamics)
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16 pages, 1678 KiB  
Article
The Use of Digital Coronary Phantoms for the Validation of Arterial Geometry Reconstruction and Computation of Virtual FFR
by Giulia Pederzani, Krzysztof Czechowicz, Nada Ghorab, Paul D. Morris, Julian P. Gunn, Andrew J. Narracott, David Rodney Hose and Ian Halliday
Fluids 2022, 7(6), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids7060201 - 11 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2531
Abstract
We present computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results of virtual fractional flow reserve (vFFR) calculations, performed on reconstructed arterial geometries derived from a digital phantom (DP). The latter provides a convenient and parsimonious description of the main vessels of the left and right coronary [...] Read more.
We present computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results of virtual fractional flow reserve (vFFR) calculations, performed on reconstructed arterial geometries derived from a digital phantom (DP). The latter provides a convenient and parsimonious description of the main vessels of the left and right coronary arterial trees, which, crucially, is CFD-compatible. Using our DP, we investigate the reconstruction error in what we deem to be the most relevant way—by evaluating the change in the computed value of vFFR, which results from varying (within representative clinical bounds) the selection of the virtual angiogram pair (defined by their viewing angles) used to segment the artery, the eccentricity and severity of the stenosis, and thereby, the CFD simulation’s luminal boundary. The DP is used to quantify reconstruction and computed haemodynamic error within the VIRTUheartTM software suite. However, our method and the associated digital phantom tool are readily transferable to equivalent, clinically oriented workflows. While we are able to conclude that error within the VIRTUheartTM workflow is suitably controlled, the principal outcomes of the work reported here are the demonstration and provision of a practical tool along with an exemplar methodology for evaluating error in a coronary segmentation process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Hemodynamics)
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15 pages, 4144 KiB  
Article
Three-Phase-Lag Bio-Heat Transfer Model of Cardiac Ablation
by Sundeep Singh, Paola Saccomandi and Roderick Melnik
Fluids 2022, 7(5), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids7050180 - 21 May 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2806
Abstract
Significant research efforts have been devoted in the past decades to accurately modelling the complex heat transfer phenomena within biological tissues. These modeling efforts and analysis have assisted in a better understanding of the intricacies of associated biological phenomena and factors that affect [...] Read more.
Significant research efforts have been devoted in the past decades to accurately modelling the complex heat transfer phenomena within biological tissues. These modeling efforts and analysis have assisted in a better understanding of the intricacies of associated biological phenomena and factors that affect the treatment outcomes of hyperthermic therapeutic procedures. In this contribution, we report a three-dimensional non-Fourier bio-heat transfer model of cardiac ablation that accounts for the three-phase-lags (TPL) in the heat propagation, viz., lags due to heat flux, temperature gradient, and thermal displacement gradient. Finite element-based COMSOL Multiphysics software has been utilized to predict the temperature distributions and ablation volumes. A comparative analysis has been conducted to report the variation in the treatment outcomes of cardiac ablation considering different bio-heat transfer models. The effect of variations in the magnitude of different phase lags has been systematically investigated. The fidelity and integrity of the developed model have been evaluated by comparing the results of the developed model with the analytical results of the recent studies available in the literature. This study demonstrates the importance of considering non-Fourier lags within biological tissue for predicting more accurately the characteristics important for the efficient application of thermal therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Hemodynamics)
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12 pages, 3366 KiB  
Article
Impact of Modelling Surface Roughness in an Arterial Stenosis
by Jie Yi, Fang-Bao Tian, Anne Simmons and Tracie Barber
Fluids 2022, 7(5), 179; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids7050179 - 21 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2789
Abstract
Arterial stenosis is a problem of immediate significance, as cardiovascular disease is the number one leading cause of death worldwide. Generally, the study of stenotic flow assumes a smooth, curved stenosis and artery. However, the real situation is unlikely to present an infinitely [...] Read more.
Arterial stenosis is a problem of immediate significance, as cardiovascular disease is the number one leading cause of death worldwide. Generally, the study of stenotic flow assumes a smooth, curved stenosis and artery. However, the real situation is unlikely to present an infinitely smooth-surfaced arterial stenosis. Here, the impact of surface roughness on the flow in an arterial stenosis was studied via a computational fluid dynamics analysis. A patient-specific geometry with a smooth surface was reconstructed, and a partially rough model was built by artificially adding random roughness only on the stenotic region of the smooth model. It was found that the flow was oscillatory downstream of the stenosis in the models. A slightly lower velocity near the wall and more oscillatory flows were observed due to the presence of the roughness in the stenotic region. However, the pressure distributions did not vary significantly between the smooth and rough models. The differences in the wall shear metrics were slight in the stenotic region and became larger in the downstream region of the models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Hemodynamics)
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