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Fishes
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Biology and Ecology of Eels
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Special Issue "Biology and Ecology of Eels"

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Ecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2023 | Viewed by 2004

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jose Martin Pujolar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Interests: population genetics and genomics; invasive species; conservation biology; genetic variability; natural selection; evolutionary biology and ecology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are currently inviting submissions of papers that address important questions to progress our knowledge and understanding of the biology and ecology of anguillid eels and ultimately contribute to a sustainable management solution of their populations in a global context. Anguillid eels have fascinated mankind for centuries due to of their complex life cycles and singular migration loops between freshwater and marine habitats. For over 30 years, there has been growing concern about the status of most anguillid eels, with declining stocks worldwide due to direct or indirect anthropogenic effects including overfishing, habitat loss, pollution, climate change, parasites and diseases. While considerable progress has been made in recent years to advance research in anguillid eels, there are still gaps in the knowledge, especially in the case of tropical anguillid eels. We invite papers and reviews on multidisciplinary topics in the broad field of biology and ecology, including biodiversity, systematics, phylogeography, population genetics, genomics and evolution.

Dr. Jose Martin Pujolar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • anguillid eels
  • biodiversity
  • conservation biology
  • evolution
  • phylogeography
  • population genetics
  • genomics
  • systematics
  • management
  • aquaculture

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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Article
Recombinant Gonadotropins to Induce Oocyte Development In Vitro and In Vivo in the European Eel Anguilla anguilla
by
Pauline Jéhannet
,
Arjan P. Palstra
,
Ignacio Giménez Nebot
,
Henk Schipper
,
William Swinkels
,
Leon T. N. Heinsbroek
and
Hans Komen
Fishes 2023, 8(3), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8030123 - 22 Feb 2023
Viewed by 398
Abstract
Commonly, female European eels are injected weekly with pituitary extract (PE) from carp (CPE) or salmon (SPE) to induce sexual maturation. However, a PE is a mixture of gonadotropins and other hormones that are not specific for eel and rapidly cleared from circulation. [...] Read more.
Commonly, female European eels are injected weekly with pituitary extract (PE) from carp (CPE) or salmon (SPE) to induce sexual maturation. However, a PE is a mixture of gonadotropins and other hormones that are not specific for eel and rapidly cleared from circulation. The aim of this study was therefore to test the effects of highly stable eel-specific recombinant gonadotropins (rGTHs) on oocyte development in vitro and in vivo in European eels. For the in vitro trial, the dose–effect responses of maturing eel oocytes on CPE and recombinant luteinizing hormone (rLH) were studied before and after 12 and 18 h of incubation. For the in vivo experiment, sexual maturation was stimulated by treatment with (i) CPE, (ii) recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) followed by CPE and (iii) rFSH followed by rLH. For the in vitro experiment, the expression of the nuclear progestin receptor 2 (pgr2) was induced by rLH, implying that rLH was preparing the oocyte for ovulation. For the in vivo experiment, the females treated with rGTHs had high gonadosomatic index (GSI) values (rFSH-CPE: 75, 77; rFSH-rLH: 80) in comparison with the females injected with CPE (50–60), suggesting that rFSH strongly induced vitellogenic growth. Larvae were produced for all treatment groups and for the first time by rGTH treatment alone but dose and timing still need optimization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biology and Ecology of Eels)
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Review

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Review
Side Effects of Human Drug Use: An Overview of the Consequences of Eels’ Exposure to Cocaine
by
Luigi Rosati
,
Ivana Caputo
,
Lillà Lionetti
,
Mayana Karoline Fontes
,
Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
and
Anna Capaldo
Fishes 2023, 8(3), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8030166 - 17 Mar 2023
Viewed by 162
Abstract
The widespread use of drugs is a global problem which affects not only humans but also the environment around them, as research is showing the presence of these substances in different environmental matrices, like air, water, and soil. Above all, due to the [...] Read more.
The widespread use of drugs is a global problem which affects not only humans but also the environment around them, as research is showing the presence of these substances in different environmental matrices, like air, water, and soil. Above all, due to the remarkable pharmacological properties of drugs, it is discovered that organisms accidentally exposed to them, as aquatic organisms, undergo behavioral and physiological changes that can compromise their health, survival, and reproduction ability. In addition to this, we must consider the ability of some drugs to accumulate within these organisms, thus entering the food chain, and the possible interactions that drugs in water can establish with each other and with other possible pollutants, making the final effects on exposed organisms unpredictable. This article is an overview of the effects of one of these drugs, cocaine, one of the drugs commonly found in the aquatic environment, on European eel, an endangered species and known biomonitor of aquatic contamination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biology and Ecology of Eels)
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Review
Swimbladder Function in the European Eel Anguilla anguilla
by
Bernd Pelster
Fishes 2023, 8(3), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8030125 - 22 Feb 2023
Viewed by 348
Abstract
Eels use the swimbladder for buoyancy control. The ductus pneumaticus connecting the esophagus with the swimbladder is closed soon after initial opening of the swimbladder in the glass eel stage, so that eels are functionally physoclist. Subsequent filling of the swimbladder is achieved [...] Read more.
Eels use the swimbladder for buoyancy control. The ductus pneumaticus connecting the esophagus with the swimbladder is closed soon after initial opening of the swimbladder in the glass eel stage, so that eels are functionally physoclist. Subsequent filling of the swimbladder is achieved by activity of gas gland cells in the swimbladder epithelium and countercurrent concentration in the rete mirabile. Gas gland cells produce and release lactic acid and CO2. In blood, acidification induces a release of oxygen from the hemoglobin (Root effect). The resulting increases in PO2 and PCO2 provide diffusion gradients for the diffusion of oxygen and CO2 into the swimbladder, the main gases secreted into the swimbladder. In addition, the partial pressure of these two gases remains elevated in venous blood leaving the swimbladder epithelium and returning to the rete mirabile. Back-diffusion from venous to arterial capillaries in the rete results in countercurrent concentration, allowing for the generation of high gas partial pressures, required for filling the swimbladder under elevated hydrostatic pressure. The transition of the yellow eel to the silver eel stage (silvering) is accompanied by a significant improvement in swimbladder function, but swimbladder volume cannot be kept constant during the daily vertical migrations silver eels perform during their spawning migration back to the spawning grounds in the Sargasso Sea. Infection of the swimbladder with the nematode Anguillicola crassus significantly impairs the function of the swimbladder as a buoyancy organ. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biology and Ecology of Eels)
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Review
Footprints of Natural Selection in North Atlantic Eels: A Review
by
José Martin Pujolar
,
Francesca Bertolini
and
Magnus W. Jacobsen
Fishes 2022, 7(6), 311; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060311 - 28 Oct 2022
Viewed by 663
Abstract
The study of natural selection and local adaptation is a thriving field of research. Local adaptation is driven by environment components and results in locally adapted phenotypes with higher fitness relative to other phenotypes from other locations in the species range. Tests of [...] Read more.
The study of natural selection and local adaptation is a thriving field of research. Local adaptation is driven by environment components and results in locally adapted phenotypes with higher fitness relative to other phenotypes from other locations in the species range. Tests of local adaptations have traditionally been done using transplant experiments, but the advent of next-generation sequencing methods have allowed the study of local adaptation to move from a phenotypic to a genomic approach. By using genome scans and state-of-the-art statistical tests, researchers can identify genes putatively under selection and study the genomic architecture of local adaptation, which often includes the observation of clustering of adaptive genes concentrated in fewer genomic regions known as “genomic islands of divergence”. The two species of North Atlantic eels, the European and the American eel, are excellent species for studying selection since they are panmictic and present large population sizes, show a wide distribution range across extremely heterogenous environments, and are subject to high mortalities. We reviewed studies of natural selection and local adaptation in American eel, European eel, between life cycle stages, between European and American eel. Finally, we discussed genome architecture in relation to local adaptation in eels and the role of both genetic (i.e., local adaptation) and non-genetic (i.e., phenotypic plasticity) in the survival of eels across their distribution range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biology and Ecology of Eels)
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