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Advances in Numerical and Experimental Heat Transfer
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Advances in Numerical and Experimental Heat Transfer

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J1: Heat and Mass Transfer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 January 2026 | Viewed by 1252

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Richard Lenhard

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina in Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
Interests: natural convection; forced convection; phase change (heat pipes); the development of numerical models for simulation in the program Ansys Fluent
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Katarína Kaduchová

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina in Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
Interests: optimization of indirectly heated hot water tanks; heat pipes; optimization of cooling ceilings; heat sources; natural convection; forced convection; numerical simulation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Our aim in launching this Special Issue is to bring together cutting-edge works by researchers, scientists, and numerical analysts from laboratories and academic institutions in the field of fluid flow, to explore flow control, two-phase flow, multiphase flow, and the experimental methods used in the field of fluid mechanics and energy. Our scope covers all topics related to the measurement and calculation of state variables in fluid flow, modeling and simulation in fluid mechanics and energy, special experimental methods in fluid mechanics, and the latest challenges and developments in the energy sector and energy systems (hydraulic pumps and turbines, heat exchangers, heating, cooling, ventilation, and heat pumps).

This Special Issue, “Advances in Numerical and Experimental Heat Transfer”, will showcase novel advances in the integration of fluid mechanics into energy.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Modeling and simulation in fluid mechanics and energy;
  • Measurement and calculation of state variables in fluid flow;
  • Application of the latest developments in the field of fluid mechanics and energy;
  • Visualization of flow and the measurement of energy systems;
  • Special experimental methods in fluid mechanics and energy;
  • Current challenges in energy.

Dr. Richard Lenhard
Dr. Katarína Kaduchová
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • CFD
  • simulation
  • modeling
  • energy
  • experimental methods
  • fluid mechanics
  • flow

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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28 pages, 2938 KB  
Article
Boiling and Condensing Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Drop Within Minichannel Tubes—Comparison and New Model Development Based on Experimental Measurements
by Calos Martínez-Lara, Alejandro López-Belchí and Francisco Vera-García
Energies 2025, 18(18), 5010; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18185010 - 20 Sep 2025
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Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive experimental investigation into the frictional pressure drop of two-phase flows—boiling and condensation—in horizontal minichannels, emphasizing its impact on the energy efficiency of vapor compression systems. A total of 3553 data points were obtained using six low-GWP refrigerants (R32, [...] Read more.
This study presents a comprehensive experimental investigation into the frictional pressure drop of two-phase flows—boiling and condensation—in horizontal minichannels, emphasizing its impact on the energy efficiency of vapor compression systems. A total of 3553 data points were obtained using six low-GWP refrigerants (R32, R134a, R290, R410A, R513A, and R1234yf) across a wide range of operating conditions in multiport aluminum tubes with hydraulic diameters of 0.715 mm and 1.16 mm. The dataset covers mass fluxes from 200 to 1230 kgm−2s−1, saturation temperatures between 5 °C and 55 °C, and vapor qualities from 0.05 to 0.95. Results showed a strong dependence of frictional pressure gradient on vapor quality, mass flux, and channel size. Boiling flows generated higher frictional losses than condensation, and high-density refrigerants such as R32 exhibited the largest pressure penalties, which can directly translate into increased compressor power demand. Conversely, higher saturation temperatures were associated with lower frictional losses, highlighting the role of thermophysical properties in improving energy performance. Additionally, an inverse correlation between saturation temperature and frictional pressure gradient was observed, attributed to variations in thermophysical properties such as viscosity and surface tension. Existing correlations from the literature were assessed against the experimental dataset, with notable deviations observed in several cases, particularly for R134a under high-quality conditions. Consequently, a new empirical correlation was developed for predicting the frictional pressure drop in two-phase flow through minichannels. The proposed model, formulated using a power-law regression approach and incorporating dimensionless parameters, achieved better agreement with the experimental data, reducing prediction error to within ±20%, improving the accuracy for the majority of cases. This work provides a robust and validated dataset for the development and benchmarking of predictive models in compact heat exchanger design. By enabling the more precise estimation of two-phase pressure drops in compact heat exchangers, the findings support the design of refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump systems with minimized flow resistance and reduced auxiliary energy consumption. This contributes to lowering compressor workload, improving coefficient of performance (COP), and it ultimately advances the development of next-generation cooling technologies with enhanced energy efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Numerical and Experimental Heat Transfer)
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Review

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24 pages, 13326 KB  
Review
Applications of Heat Pipes in Thermal Management
by Milan Malcho, Jozef Jandačka, Richard Lenhard, Katarína Kaduchová and Patrik Nemec
Energies 2025, 18(19), 5282; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18195282 - 5 Oct 2025
Abstract
The paper explores the application of heat pipes in thermal management for efficient heat dissipation, particularly in electrical equipment with high heat loads. Heat pipes are devices that transfer heat with high efficiency through the phase transition of the working medium (e.g., water, [...] Read more.
The paper explores the application of heat pipes in thermal management for efficient heat dissipation, particularly in electrical equipment with high heat loads. Heat pipes are devices that transfer heat with high efficiency through the phase transition of the working medium (e.g., water, alcohol, ammonia) between the evaporator and the condenser, while they have no moving parts and are distinguished by their simplicity of construction. Different types of heat pipes—gravity, capillary, and closed loop (thermosiphon loop)—are suitable according to specific applications and requirements for the working position, temperature range, and condensate return transport. An example of an effective application is the removal of heat from the internal winding of a static energy converter transformer, where the use of a gravity heat pipe has enabled effective cooling even through epoxy insulation and kept the winding temperature below 80 °C. Other applications include the cooling of mounting plates, power transistors, and airtight cooling of electrical enclosures with the ability to dissipate lost thermal power in the order of 102 to 103 W. A significant advantage of heat pipes is also the ability to dust-tightly seal equipment and prevent the build-up of dirt, thereby increasing the reliability of the electronics. In the field of environmental technology, systems have been designed to reduce the radiant power of fireplace inserts by up to 40%, or to divert their heat output of up to about 3 kW into hot water storage tanks, thus optimising the use of the heat produced and preventing overheating of the living space. The use of nanoparticles in the working substances (e.g., Al2O3 in water) makes it possible to intensify the boiling process and thus increase the heat transfer intensity by up to 30% compared to pure water. The results of the presented research confirm the versatility and high efficiency of the use of heat pipes for modern cooling requirements in electronics and environmental engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Numerical and Experimental Heat Transfer)
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