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Energies
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Progressive Electromagnetic Devices and Technologies in Energy and Environmental Engineering
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Progressive Electromagnetic Devices and Technologies in Energy and Environmental Engineering

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B: Energy and Environment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 7462

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Pawel Surdacki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Electrotechnologies, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Interests: modelling of superconducting devices; power applications of superconductors; HTS transformers and cables; stability of superconductors
Prof. Dr. Grzegorz Komarzyniec

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Electrotechnologies, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Interests: electrical engineering; superconducting technologies; plasma technologies; transformers; renewable energy sources; numerical modelling
Dr. Oleksandr Boiko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Superconducting Technologies, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 38A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Interests: electrical engineering; metrology; materials science; nanotechnologies; electromagnetic phenomena; numerical modelling and simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is a great pleasure to announce that the 10th International Conference on Electromagnetic Devices and Processes in Environment Protection (ELMECO-10) together with the 13th Seminar Applications of Superconductors (AoS-13) will be held from 25th to 29th of May, 2022, in the city of Nałęczów (Poland). The main purpose of both events is to gather brand new aspects of electromagnetic, superconducting, and nanotechnology applications in energy-saving systems and environmental protection. During the forums the scientists will exchange their knowledge and experience, present experimental practices, and extend networking on the following areas: 

  • Plasma and ozone technologies for treatment of air, water, soil;
  • Phenomena in superconductors, superconducting materials, wires and tapes;
  • Energy saving superconducting devices (cables, magnets, fault current limiters SFCL, magnetic energy storage SMES, transformers, bearings, machines, SQUIDs) and their applications;
  • Electrotechnologies in agriculture;
  • Electromagnetic compatibility, influence of electromagnetic fields, noise and vibration on living organisms and environment monitoring;
  • Renewable energy sources to supply electrical devices and home power plants, quality of energy;
  • Computer aided designing of electromagnetic devices and processes;
  • Micro-and nanomaterials, magnetic materials;
  • Biomedical engineering.

Following the venue, in collaboration with the Energies Journal (MDPI), up to 40 high-quality papers from the conference will be invited to submit follow-up articles extending the presented research in a dedicated Special Issue. This opportunity is also advertised on the conference web site: http://elmeco.pollub.pl.

Prof. Dr. Pawel Surdacki
Prof. Dr. Grzegorz Komarzyniec
Dr. Oleksandr Boiko
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electromagnetic processes
  • plasma technologies
  • superconductors
  • energy saving
  • biomedical engineering

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 5643 KiB  
Article
Intelligent Probability Estimation of Quenches Caused by Weak Points in High-Temperature Superconducting Tapes
by Alireza Sadeghi, Zhihui Xu, Wenjuan Song and Mohammad Yazdani-Asrami
Energies 2023, 16(1), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010193 - 24 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1225
Abstract
Fluctuations in the critical current along the length of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes manufactured in the form of coated conductors is a common manufacturing phenomenon. These fluctuations originate in the generation of weak points through the length of HTS tapes that may cause [...] Read more.
Fluctuations in the critical current along the length of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes manufactured in the form of coated conductors is a common manufacturing phenomenon. These fluctuations originate in the generation of weak points through the length of HTS tapes that may cause quenching later. By means of the propagation of quenches in HTS tapes, the reliability, stability, and the performance of the device and the system that contain HTS tapes could be seriously degraded. In this study, an artificial intelligence technique based on artificial neural networks (ANN) was proposed to estimate the probability of quenches in HTS tapes caused by weak points. For this purpose, six different HTS tapes were considered with different widths, total thicknesses, and thicknesses of sub-layers. Then, for each one of these tapes, different operating conditions were considered, where the operating temperature changed from 40 K to 80 K, in 1 K steps. Under each operating temperature, different operating currents were considered from 50% to 100% of tape critical current. All of these resulted in more than 5000 different data points. Then, for each of these data points, analytical modelling was performed to provide initial inputs and outputs for the ANN model. It should be noted that the performed simulations were conducted based on an analytical method that was experimentally validated in the literature. After that, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to select the hyperparameters and structure of the ANN-based model. The last step was to take advantage of the trained model, as a function in the MATLAB software package to estimate the probability of quenches in different case studies. The significant feature of the proposed model is the capability for estimating the probability of quenches under different operating temperatures and currents for different types of HTS tapes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progressive Electromagnetic Devices and Technologies in Energy and Environmental Engineering)
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15 pages, 11198 KiB  
Article
Germination Energy, Germination Capacity and Microflora of Allium cepa L. Seeds after RF Plasma Conditioning
by Joanna Pawłat, Agnieszka Starek-Wójcicka, Marek Kopacki, Piotr Terebun, Michał Kwiatkowski, Agnieszka Sujak, Simone Pascuzzi, Francesco Santoro and Dariusz Andrejko
Energies 2022, 15(20), 7687; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207687 - 18 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1585
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experiment on the effect of the cold plasma (He+O2 or He+Air) pre-sowing stimulation of seeds of the Wolska cultivar of onion on the process of their germination. Four groups of seeds characterized by different exposure [...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of an experiment on the effect of the cold plasma (He+O2 or He+Air) pre-sowing stimulation of seeds of the Wolska cultivar of onion on the process of their germination. Four groups of seeds characterized by different exposure times (60, 120, 240 and 480 s) were used. Untreated seeds were used as a control. The distance between the electrode and the tested material was 50 mm. Pre-sowing plasma stimulation improved germination parameters such as germination capacity and germination energy for all the tested groups relative to the control. The highest fractions of germinated seeds were observed for an exposure time of 120 s. Analysis of the data showed a statistically significant impact of RF plasma on the seed germination parameters of the onion. SEM analysis showed that the interaction with plasma produced tension in the cells, leading to a change in their shape. No visible damage to the onion seed cells was observed, apart from the effect of depletion of the upper wax layer. The best influence on pathogenic fungi was when the group of seeds underwent 240 and 480 s of exposure to plasma fumigation, especially using the He+Air RF plasma jet. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progressive Electromagnetic Devices and Technologies in Energy and Environmental Engineering)
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15 pages, 7710 KiB  
Article
Forces and Stresses in the Windings of a Superconducting Fault Current Limiter
by Janusz Kozak
Energies 2022, 15(18), 6519; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186519 - 07 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1152
Abstract
This paper presents the design of a Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) and calculation results of forces and stresses in the windings of a resistive fault current limiter. The design of the fault current limiter consists of two parallelly connected and magnetically coupled [...] Read more.
This paper presents the design of a Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) and calculation results of forces and stresses in the windings of a resistive fault current limiter. The design of the fault current limiter consists of two parallelly connected and magnetically coupled windings, cooled by a single stage cryocooler. Magnetically compensated windings made of HTS tape give a very low voltage on the limiter at a nominal current. Limitation of the short-circuit time and the value of the maximum initial fault current reduces the thermal and dynamic effects of the passage of a fault current. Using devices which limit the value of a fault current can lower the level of required short-circuit capacity of the elements in a system. However, selected means of fault currents limitation must maintain the power quality standards. A perfect fault current limiter is required to have substantial impedance in fault conditions and zero impedance at work currents. Such requirements are met by a SFCL. An increase of current caused by the occurrence of a fault current results in the transition of the superconducting material from the superconducting state into the resistive state. This increases the impedance of short-circuit loop, allowing the fault current value to decrease. During a short-circuit, the forces generated from the short-circuit current also act on the limiter windings. Short-circuit current causes stresses in the superconducting tape. Exceeding the permissible stress value results in an irreversible reduction in the critical current of the superconducting tape. Calculations of the forces and stresses in the HTS tape for the maximum value of the short-circuit current were carried out using the finite element method. The constructed limiter was tested and the winding design ensures that the tape stresses are at a safe level even for short-circuit currents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progressive Electromagnetic Devices and Technologies in Energy and Environmental Engineering)
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16 pages, 14431 KiB  
Article
Fast Charging of an Electric Bus Fleet and Its Impact on the Power Quality Based on On-Site Measurements
by Aleksander Chudy, Piotr Hołyszko and Paweł Mazurek
Energies 2022, 15(15), 5555; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155555 - 30 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1373
Abstract
The subject of this study was a distribution substation that feeds 14 fast DC chargers (80 kW) located at the bus depot in Lublin, Poland. The voltage variations were determined to be within the PN-EN 50160 standard limit values (±10% Un). There were [...] Read more.
The subject of this study was a distribution substation that feeds 14 fast DC chargers (80 kW) located at the bus depot in Lublin, Poland. The voltage variations were determined to be within the PN-EN 50160 standard limit values (±10% Un). There were several events registered when 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th voltage harmonics were above the PN-EN 50160 limit during the charging of the electric buses. The obtained maximum 10 min average values of the total voltage harmonic distortion (THD) were 3.36%, 2.27%, and 2.89% for the first, second, and third phase, respectively, i.e., below the limit value of 8% required by PN-EN 50160. Due to the exceedance of the 6th voltage harmonic, the PN-EN 50160 requirements were not met. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progressive Electromagnetic Devices and Technologies in Energy and Environmental Engineering)
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30 pages, 46267 KiB  
Article
Machine Learning in Operating of Low Voltage Future Grid
by Bartłomiej Mroczek and Paweł Pijarski
Energies 2022, 15(15), 5388; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155388 - 26 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1478
Abstract
The article is a continuation of the authors’ ongoing research related to power flow and voltage control in LV grids. It outlines how the Distribution System Operator (DSO) can use Machine Learning (ML) technology in a future grid. Based on supervised learning, a [...] Read more.
The article is a continuation of the authors’ ongoing research related to power flow and voltage control in LV grids. It outlines how the Distribution System Operator (DSO) can use Machine Learning (ML) technology in a future grid. Based on supervised learning, a Selectively Coherent Model of Converter System Control for an LV grid (SCM_CSC) is proposed. This represents a fresh, new approach to combining off and on-line computing for DSOs, in line with the decarbonisation process. The main kernel of the model is a neural network developed from the initial prediction results generated by regression analysis. For selected PV system operation scenarios, the LV grid of the future dynamically controls the power flow using AC/DC converter circuits for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). The objective function is to maintain the required voltage conditions for high PV generation in an LV grid line area and to minimise power flows to the MV grid. Based on the training and validation data prepared for artificial neural networks (ANN), a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 0.15% BESS and 0.51–0.55% BESS 1 and BESS 2 were achieved, which represents a prediction error level of 170–300 VA in the specification of the BESS power control. The results are presented for the dynamic control of BESS 1 and BESS 2 using an ANN output and closed-loop PID control including a 2nd order filter. The research work represents a further step in the digital transformation of the energy sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progressive Electromagnetic Devices and Technologies in Energy and Environmental Engineering)
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