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Open AccessArticle

Normalized Model Reference Adaptive Control Applied to High Starting Torque Scalar Control Scheme for Induction Motors

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Juan Carlos Travieso-Torres

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Manuel A. Duarte-Mermoud

Energies 2022, 15(10), 3606; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103606 - 14 May 2022

Viewed by 308

Abstract

Recently, a novel high-starting torque scalar control scheme (HST-SCS) for induction motor(s) (IM) emerged. It expands the scalar control application field beyond centrifugal pumps, blowers, and fans, moving, for instance, some conveyor belts with nominal torque loading. This paper proposes a normalized model [...] Read more.

Recently, a novel high-starting torque scalar control scheme (HST-SCS) for induction motor(s) (IM) emerged. It expands the scalar control application field beyond centrifugal pumps, blowers, and fans, moving, for instance, some conveyor belts with nominal torque loading. This paper proposes a normalized model reference adaptive control (N-MRAC) applied to HST-SCS for IM. First, the proposal extends the MRAC, resulting inn a class of nonlinear systems encompassing the IM dynamical model. It uses a normalized information vector, jointly with a direct control approach, reducing the trial and error adaptive controller tuning. Second, a properly designed N-MRAC is applied to regulate the starting stator current within the variable speed drive under investigation. As a result, the proposed methodology keeps the HST-SCS as a simple control scheme without needing variable observers or parameter estimators and employing tuning information only from the motor nameplate and datasheet. Test bench experiments with a 10 HP motor validate the proposal effectiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrical Machine Design and Optimization)

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Open AccessArticle

Reduction in the Cogging Torques in the DCEFSM Motor by Changing the Geometry of the Rotor Teeth

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Energies 2022, 15(7), 2455; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072455 - 27 Mar 2022

Viewed by 360

Abstract

The paper presents the results of FEM 2D computational studies of a three-phase Direct Current Excited Flux Switching Machine (DCEFSM) electric motor with 15 rotor teeth and 36 stator teeth. The aim of the research was to minimize the cogging torque of the [...] Read more.

The paper presents the results of FEM 2D computational studies of a three-phase Direct Current Excited Flux Switching Machine (DCEFSM) electric motor with 15 rotor teeth and 36 stator teeth. The aim of the research was to minimize the cogging torque of the machine by changing the geometry of the rotor teeth and the size of the air gap between the stator and the rotor, with the operating torques unchanged. Computational studies were carried out on the influence of the width of the rotor teeth, the radius of the rounding of their corners, and the size of the air gap on the cogging torque and machine operating torques. The results of the calculations made it possible to select the dimensions of the rotor and the air gap in such a way that the maximum cogging torque was reduced more than six-fold, with the machine operating torques being unchanged. The calculations also showed that it is not possible to increase the value of the operational torques by further changes in the geometry of the rotor teeth and the size of the air gap of the machine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrical Machine Design and Optimization)

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Open AccessArticle

Robust Sliding Mode Control of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with an Improved Power Reaching Law

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Energies 2022, 15(5), 1935; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15051935 - 07 Mar 2022

Viewed by 610

Abstract

To improve the suppression ability of uncertain disturbance of the sliding mode control driving system of the surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) and to reduce the chattering of the control output, a robust sliding mode control strategy with an improved power reaching [...] Read more.

To improve the suppression ability of uncertain disturbance of the sliding mode control driving system of the surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) and to reduce the chattering of the control output, a robust sliding mode control strategy with an improved power reaching law (IPRL) is proposed in this paper. Compared with the traditional fast power reaching law (FPRL), the IPRL incorporates the sum of the power terms of the system state variables into the conventional power terms, and uses hyperbolic tangent saturation function to replace the piecewise function, which can effectively suppress the sliding mode chattering and improve the convergence speed of the system state to the sliding mode surface. Furthermore, the robust sliding mode speed controller and sliding mode current controller of the SPMSM are designed separately with the IPRL, and detailed simulation verification is carried out to reveal the effectiveness of the IPRL. Simulation and experimental results show that compared with the FPRL, the proposed IPRL can reduce the inherent chattering phenomenon in sliding mode control, and the IPRL-based speed and current control strategy can effectively improve the dynamic performance and robustness of the system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrical Machine Design and Optimization)

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Open AccessArticle

Analysis and Cogging Torque Minimization of a Novel Flux Reversal Claw Pole Machine with Soft Magnetic Composite Cores

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Energies 2022, 15(4), 1285; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041285 - 10 Feb 2022

Viewed by 255

Abstract

The performances of a novel flux reversal claw pole machine (FRCPM) using soft magnetic composite (SMC) cores is analyzed in detail. The developed FRCPM uses both a flux reversal permanent magnet machine (FRPMM) and claw pole machine (CPM). In this paper, the main [...] Read more.

The performances of a novel flux reversal claw pole machine (FRCPM) using soft magnetic composite (SMC) cores is analyzed in detail. The developed FRCPM uses both a flux reversal permanent magnet machine (FRPMM) and claw pole machine (CPM). In this paper, the main dimensions are optimized to ensure that the FRCPM can achieve maximum torque. In addition, the rotor skewing technology applied in the paper leads to a reduction in cogging torque and torque ripple of the machine. The main electromagnetic parameters and performance are obtained using the 3D finite element method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrical Machine Design and Optimization)

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Open AccessArticle

A Position Sensorless Closed-Loop Control Mode of a Three-Phase Hybrid Stepper Motor

by

Zhen Peng

and

Chao Bi

Energies 2022, 15(3), 804; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030804 - 22 Jan 2022

Viewed by 699

Abstract

The demand for the high-performance and low-cost position control actuators in many applications promotes the development of three-phase hybrid stepper motors. The torque ripple, loss, and pullout torque of the motor are the key factors to be considered in the motor application. In [...] Read more.

The demand for the high-performance and low-cost position control actuators in many applications promotes the development of three-phase hybrid stepper motors. The torque ripple, loss, and pullout torque of the motor are the key factors to be considered in the motor application. In order to solve the problems of the open-loop control mode, this paper proposes a new “sensorless closed-loop” control mode to significantly improve the performance of three-phase hybrid stepper motors. This control mode is developed by estimating the rotor position with the Extended Kalman filter observer, thereby realizing the closed-loop control of the motor with sensorless technology. This paper illustrates the effects of this control mode by analyzing motor noise, losses, and pullout-torque. The results show that the use of the “sensorless closed-loop” control mode presented can effectively improve the performance of the stepper motor while maintaining the advantages of the motor in terms of cost and size. These results have positive significance for the development, application, and promotion of high-performance three-phase hybrid stepper motor systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrical Machine Design and Optimization)

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Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Permanent Magnet Segmentations on Electromagnetic Performance in Ironless Brushless DC Motors

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Energies 2022, 15(2), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15020621 - 16 Jan 2022

Viewed by 307

Abstract

This paper investigates the electromagnetic torque by considering back electromagnetic force (back-EMF) trapezoidal degrees of ironless brushless DC (BLDC) motors through the two-dimensional finite element method (2-D FEM). First, the change percentages of the electromagnetic torque with back-EMF trapezoidal degrees, relative to those [...] Read more.

This paper investigates the electromagnetic torque by considering back electromagnetic force (back-EMF) trapezoidal degrees of ironless brushless DC (BLDC) motors through the two-dimensional finite element method (2-D FEM). First, the change percentages of the electromagnetic torque with back-EMF trapezoidal degrees, relative to those of PMs without segments, are investigated on the premise of the same back-EMF amplitude. It is found that both PM symmetrically and asymmetrically segmented types influence back-EMF trapezoidal degrees. Second, the corresponding electromagnetic torque, relative to that of PMs without segments, is studied in detail. The results show that the electromagnetic torque can be improved or deteriorated depending on whether the back-EMF trapezoidal degree is lower or higher than that of PMs without segments. Additionally, the electromagnetic torque can easily be improved by increasing the number of PMs’ symmetrical segments. In addition, the electromagnetic torque in PMs with asymmetrical segments is always higher than that of PMs without segments. Finally, two ironless PM BLDC motors with PMs symmetrically segmented into three segments and without segments are manufactured and tested. The experimental results show good agreement with those of the 2-D FEM method. This approach provides significant guidelines to electromagnetic torque improvement without much increase in manufacturing costs and process complexity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrical Machine Design and Optimization)

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Open AccessArticle

Challenges in the Electromagnetic Design of Multiphase Machines: Winding and Equivalent Circuit Parameters

by

Jan Laksar

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Radek Cermak

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Karel Hruska

Energies 2021, 14(21), 7335; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217335 - 04 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 399

Abstract

The usage of multiphase electrical drives expands the operation possibilities of electrical machines and opens new directions of research on inverter-fed electrical machines. With an increasing number of phases, the standard approach of the electromagnetic design of machines has to be generalized to [...] Read more.

The usage of multiphase electrical drives expands the operation possibilities of electrical machines and opens new directions of research on inverter-fed electrical machines. With an increasing number of phases, the standard approach of the electromagnetic design of machines has to be generalized to m-phase systems, which is not usually respected in the literature focused on electric machine design, and it is rarely published. This paper summarizes the specific problems linked with the design of machines with different numbers of phases, focusing on the winding design and the calculation of equivalent circuit parameters. In addition to the direct effect of different numbers of phases, the impact of injecting higher order time harmonic components on the electromagnetic design of electric machines is analyzed. The obtained analytical results are verified by the measurement of a nine-phase experimental induction motor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrical Machine Design and Optimization)

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Review

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Open AccessReview

The Review of Electromagnetic Field Modeling Methods for Permanent-Magnet Linear Motors

by

Xinmei Wang

,

Yifei Wang

and

Tao Wu

Energies 2022, 15(10), 3595; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103595 - 13 May 2022

Viewed by 354

Abstract

Permanent-magnet linear motors (PMLMs) are widely used in various fields of industrial production, and the optimization design of the PMLM is increasingly attracting attention in order to improve the comprehensive performance of the motor. The primary problem of PMLM optimization design is the [...] Read more.

Permanent-magnet linear motors (PMLMs) are widely used in various fields of industrial production, and the optimization design of the PMLM is increasingly attracting attention in order to improve the comprehensive performance of the motor. The primary problem of PMLM optimization design is the establishment of a motor model, and this paper summarizes the modeling of the PMLM electromagnetic field. First, PMLM parametric modeling methods (model-driven methods) such as the equivalent circuit method, analytical method, and finite element method, are introduced, and then non-parametric modeling methods (data-driven methods) such as the surrogate model and machine learning are introduced. Non-parametric modeling methods have the characteristics of higher accuracy and faster computation, and are the mainstream approach to motor modeling at present. However, surrogate models and traditional machine learning models such as support vector machine (SVM) and extreme learning machine (ELM) approaches have shortcomings in dealing with the high-dimensional data of motors, and some machine learning methods such as random forest (RF) require a large number of samples to obtain better modeling accuracy. Considering the modeling problem in the case of the high-dimensional electromagnetic field of the motor under the condition of a limited number of samples, this paper introduces the generative adversarial network (GAN) model and the application of the GAN in the electromagnetic field modeling of PMLM, and compares it with the mainstream machine learning models. Finally, the development of motor modeling that combines model-driven and data-driven methods is proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Electrical Machine Design and Optimization)

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