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Lithium-Ion and Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Vehicular Applications

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D: Energy Storage and Application".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2026 | Viewed by 1508

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Electrochemical Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
2. ZERO Institute, Holywell House, Osney Mead, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 0ES, UK
Interests: imaging; X-ray CT; electrochemical characterization; synchrotron; energy; engineering materials; energy storage devices; lithium-ion batteries
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Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
Interests: sustainable transportation; SEM; X-ray CT; battery characterization; drive cycles; lithium-ion batteries
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
Interests: imaging; fuel cell X-ray CT; electrochemical characterization; synchrotron; fuel cells; electrocatalyst; energy storage materials; lithium-ion batteries
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Guest Editors invite submissions to a Special Issue of Energies entitled “Lithium-Ion and Lithium–Sulfur Batteries for Vehicular Applications”. Batteries have been proven to be a highly viable solution in the age of electrochemical transportation. This Special Issue will deal with all advances and reviews related to lithium-ion and lithium–sulfur batteries for automotive purposes, which include ground vehicles (e.g., cars, HGVs), rail, aviation, unmanned aerial vehicles, and personal electric vehicles (PEVs). Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Battery cycling;
  • Battery characterization;
  • Battery modeling;
  • Battery vehicle powertrain modeling;
  • Battery materials;
  • Battery degradation;
  • Energy management systems;
  • Battery electric vehicles;
  • Hardware-in-the-loop and software-in-the-loop testing;
  • Imaging of batteries or battery materials;
  • Sizing of vehicle power systems;
  • Drive cycle testing for batteries.

Dr. Wenjia Du
Dr. Jia Di (Ed) Yang
Dr. Juntao Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lithium-ion battery
  • lithium-sulfur battery
  • batteries
  • automobile
  • transport
  • sustainable transport
  • hybrid vehicles
  • vehicle powertrain
  • batteries X-ray CT
  • scanning electron microscope (SEM)
  • drive cycles
  • energy management systems
  • battery electric vehicles
  • energy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 5798 KB  
Article
The Integration of Passive and Active Methods in a Hybrid BMS for a Suspended Mining Vehicle
by Wojciech Kurpiel, Bartosz Polnik, Marcin Habrych and Bogdan Miedzinski
Energies 2025, 18(24), 6465; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246465 - 10 Dec 2025
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Abstract
Using lithium batteries to supply electric machinery and/or equipment in underground mines requires an adequate level of security. This is particularly important in coal mines, especially under the threat of methane explosions and/or fire hazards. Lithium battery cells with a BMS should be [...] Read more.
Using lithium batteries to supply electric machinery and/or equipment in underground mines requires an adequate level of security. This is particularly important in coal mines, especially under the threat of methane explosions and/or fire hazards. Lithium battery cells with a BMS should be effectively isolated from the impact of the surrounding mine environment. This can be achieved by storing all battery systems in a certified explosion-proof enclosure (Ex) in accordance with the relevant regulations and standards. Preliminary tests conducted by the authors indicated that use of lithium cells without a BMS in mines is risky and, in practice, unacceptable. BMSs with passive cell balancing are most commonly employed. They allow for the equalization of cell voltages primarily during the charging process. However, the lowest-capacity cell still determines the overall lifetime of a battery. Furthermore, the use of active balancing systems (BMSs) is rare in practice due to their greater complexity and price. Nevertheless, they can significantly extend battery life through the much more efficient redistribution of energy among the cells, including during the discharge process. This article presents the operation of a modified (hybrid) BMS architecture, combining both passive and active balancing methods when employed for the selected suspended mine vehicle. It enables more safe and more effective charging process, as well as discharging process, which results in the longer time of operation of lithium battery packs, for one charge. This system is intended for use in mining machinery and equipment, as well as in selected energy storage systems powered by lithium-based battery modules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion and Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Vehicular Applications)
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13 pages, 958 KB  
Article
Applicability Evaluation of an Online Parameter Identification Method: From Lithium-Ion to Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
by Ning Gao, You Gong, Xiaobei Yang, Disai Yang, Yao Yang, Bingyu Wang and Haifei Long
Energies 2025, 18(17), 4493; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18174493 - 23 Aug 2025
Viewed by 893
Abstract
While Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Square (FFRLS) algorithms with evaluation mechanisms have been developed to address SOC-dependent parameter mapping shifts and their efficacy has been proven in Li-ion batteries, their applicability to lithium–sulfur (Li-S) batteries remains uncertain due to different electrochemical characteristics. This [...] Read more.
While Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Square (FFRLS) algorithms with evaluation mechanisms have been developed to address SOC-dependent parameter mapping shifts and their efficacy has been proven in Li-ion batteries, their applicability to lithium–sulfur (Li-S) batteries remains uncertain due to different electrochemical characteristics. This study critically evaluates the applicability of a Fisher information matrix-constrained FFRLS framework for online parameter identification in Li-S battery equivalent circuit network (ECN) models. Experimental validation using distinct drive cycles showed that the identification results of polarization-related parameters are significantly biased between different current excitations, and root mean square error (RMSE) variations diverge by 100%, with terminal voltage estimation errors more than 0.05 V. The parametric uncertainty under variable excitation profiles and voltage plateau estimation deficiencies confirms the inadequacy of such approaches, constraining model-based online identification viability for Li-S automotive applications. Future research should therefore prioritize hybrid estimation architectures integrating electrochemical knowledge with data-driven observers, alongside excitation capturing specifically optimized for Li-S online parameter observability requirements and cell nonuniformity and aging condition consideration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion and Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Vehicular Applications)
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