Neonatal Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Injury: Latest Advances

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Neurology & Neurodevelopmental Disorders".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2025) | Viewed by 364

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Division of Neonatology, Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
Interests: neonatal neurology; perinatal brain injury; hypoxic–ischemic injury; stroke; neuroprotection; genetics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Death and disability in children worldwide have their origin predominantly in the neonatal period and mainly arise from perinatal asphyxia and preterm birth. Birth asphyxia, leading to the clinical presentation of hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), to a large extent affects the term-born population, but preterm infants can also be affected. Prognosis following HIE and other types of neonatal brain injury including stroke is particularly poor. Despite remarkable advances in perinatal care, the diagnosis and therapy of neonatal brain injury remain a challenge, and therapies are largely supportive. The only established clinical intervention for HIE is therapeutic hypothermia demonstrating reductions in risk of death or impairment. However, 40–50% of cooled infants still suffer from major neurological problems and, in preterm infants, therapeutic hypothermia cannot be applied due to side effects.  In recent years, established and new preclinical models have elucidated mechanisms promoting our understanding of neonatal brain injury, but unanswered questions remain. This Special Issue welcomes submissions which explore clinical and experimental advances in neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain injury and will compile the latest results to further support clinical translation.

Prof. Dr. Mark Dzietko
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • brain
  • neuroprotection
  • encephalopathy
  • hypoxia ischemia
  • stroke
  • seizures
  • neuromonitoring
  • neuro-NICU

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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14 pages, 492 KiB  
Case Report
New Trigger for Stroke-like Episode in Sturge–Weber Syndrome: A Case Report
by Emiliano Altavilla, Andrea De Giacomo, Anna Maria Greco, Fernanda Tramacere, Marilena Quarta, Daniela Puscio, Massimo Corsalini, Sara Pistilli, Dario Sardella and Flavia Indrio
Children 2025, 12(5), 589; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12050589 (registering DOI) - 30 Apr 2025
Abstract
Background. Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare non-hereditary neurovascular disorder characterized by capillary–venous malformations on the face, ocular vascular anomalies, and leptomeningeal capillary–venous malformations. Patients with SWS often experience cerebral perfusion impairment, increasing their risk for stroke-like episodes, seizures, and motor and [...] Read more.
Background. Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare non-hereditary neurovascular disorder characterized by capillary–venous malformations on the face, ocular vascular anomalies, and leptomeningeal capillary–venous malformations. Patients with SWS often experience cerebral perfusion impairment, increasing their risk for stroke-like episodes, seizures, and motor and cognitive impairments. Methods. We report the case of a 2-year-old boy diagnosed with SWS who developed a stroke-like episode following dye laser therapy under deep sedation. Results. Despite initial diagnostic challenges and persistent seizures, appropriate management led to full neurological recovery. Conclusions. This case highlights the importance of considering stroke-like episodes in children with SWS after stressful events such as medical procedures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neonatal Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Injury: Latest Advances)
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