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Dear Colleagues,

It is my pleasure to present this Special Issue of Children on “Cutting-Edge Research on Pediatric Gastroenterology”. As the editor of this issue, I look forward to collaborating with experts on a variety of topics important to the pediatric community.

The field of pediatric gastroenterology has undergone an incredibly fast development in the past 20 years. Basic and clinical science have taken gigantic steps forward. New drugs, treatments, and diagnostic tools have entered our clinical practice, and we have gained a new perspective on many diseases.

I hope the papers in this edition will help to highlight the cutting-edge work in this field and am pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Edition of Children.

Prof. Dr. Henrik Köhler
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

IBD
immune system
short bowel
transplantation
vascular malformation
nutrition
liver failure
endoscopy
hepatology
pancreas
stomach
infection

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Change of Sleep Stage during Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants

Angeliki Pappa

Moritz Muschaweck

and

Tobias G. Wenzl

Children 2023, 10(5), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10050836 - 04 May 2023

Viewed by 336

Abstract

Introduction: This study intended to explore the existence of a temporal association of changes of sleep stage and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants. Materials and Methods: Documentation of sleep stage and GER was conducted via the use of synchronized polygraphic recording combined with impedance-pH-metry in 15 infants. The total recording-time (Rt) was divided into GER-“window-time” (five seconds before and after the onset of a GER episode), “remaining GER time”, and “GER-free time”, and analyzed for changes of sleep stage. Results: a total of 462 GER episodes were identified during Rt (151.1 h) in all infants. During 1.3 h of window-time; 61 changes of sleep stage (47/h); during 5.9 h of Remaining GER-time, 139 changes of sleep stage (24/h); and during 143.9 h of GER-free time, 4087 changes of sleep stage (28/h) were documented. Change of sleep stage was strongly associated with the onset of GER (p < 0.02 and p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: There is a strong temporal association between sleep irregularities, i.e., changes of sleep and episodes of GER in infants. When dealing with disturbed sleep in infants, GER should be considered by caregivers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Edge Research on Pediatric Gastroenterology)

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Review

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Open AccessReview

D-Lactate: Implications for Gastrointestinal Diseases

Barblin Remund

Bahtiyar Yilmaz

and

Christiane Sokollik

Children 2023, 10(6), 945; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10060945 - 26 May 2023

Viewed by 276

Abstract

D-lactate is produced in very low amounts in human tissues. However, certain bacteria in the human intestine produce D-lactate. In some gastrointestinal diseases, increased bacterial D-lactate production and uptake from the gut into the bloodstream take place. In its extreme, excessive accumulation of D-lactate in humans can lead to potentially life-threatening D-lactic acidosis. This metabolic phenomenon is well described in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome. Less is known about a subclinical rise in D-lactate. We discuss in this review the pathophysiology of D-lactate in the human body. We cover D-lactic acidosis in patients with short bowel syndrome as well as subclinical elevations of D-lactate in other diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, we argue for the potential of D-lactate as a marker of intestinal barrier integrity in the context of dysbiosis. Subsequently, we conclude that there is a research need to establish D-lactate as a minimally invasive biomarker in gastrointestinal diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Edge Research on Pediatric Gastroenterology)

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Open AccessReview

Current Role of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Pediatric IBD: A Special Focus on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Treat-to-Target Strategies

Merle Claßen

and

André Hoerning

Children 2023, 10(4), 634; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10040634 - 28 Mar 2023

Viewed by 759

Abstract

In the last two decades, biologicals have become essential in treating children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. TNF-α inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab and golimumab) are preferentially used. Recent studies suggest that early application of TNF-α inhibitors is beneficial to inducing disease remission and preventing complications such as development of penetrating ulcers and fistulas. However, treatment failure occurs in about one third of pediatric patients. Particularly, children and adolescents differ in drug clearance, emphasizing the importance of pharmacokinetic drug monitoring in the pediatric setting. Here, current data on the choice and effectiveness of biologicals and therapeutic drug monitoring strategies are reviewed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutting Edge Research on Pediatric Gastroenterology)

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