Promoting Healthy Lifestyles in Children and Adolescents

A Special Issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067) belonging to the section "Global Pediatric Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 May 2026) | Viewed by 8789

Editors

Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain
Interests: education for health; active and healthy lifestyles; sleep; healthy lifestyle habits; education; physical self-concept; physical condition; physical activity; sedentary lifestyle
Department of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Euneiz University, 01013 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
Interests: sports science; exercise physiology; exercise performance; public health
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over time, the concept of health has evolved significantly, influenced by diverse perspectives and approaches, making it difficult to establish a consistent framework of understanding. Prior to the 1940s, health was predominantly viewed as the mere absence of physical illness, focusing solely on physical well-being. However, in 1948, the WHO redefined health as a “state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. This marked a pivotal transition towards a more holistic and multidimensional perspective on health.

In recent decades, the WHO’s multidimensional view has gained widespread acceptance in the literature, with milestones such as the Ottawa Charter (1986) further emphasizing this approach. Health is now regarded as a dynamic concept, characterized by the ability to adapt to diverse circumstances. This perspective highlights that health is not static, but evolves over time, necessitating a nuanced understanding of its complexity and the specific definitions of its physical, mental, and social dimensions.

Healthy lifestyles represent ways of living that minimize the risk of illness or premature death. Although the literature lacks a unified definition of which habits constitute such a lifestyle, physical activity and nutrition are consistently emphasized as essential components, demonstrating the importance of addressing this subject. These habits are established during childhood, shaped through learning and repetition, and often become automatic over time. Given that this formative phase coincides with children’s development, both family and education play crucial roles in fostering and sustaining these habits.

Children spend a significant portion of their day at school, and studies suggest that this time can be effectively used to teach and cultivate healthy lifestyles, particularly through the implementation of school-based programs. Such programs should adopt a holistic approach, integrating all educational stakeholders—school administrators, teachers, and families—to promote and sustain healthy behaviors.

Aim and Scope of the Special Issue:

This Special Issue aims to advance the discourse on health and Healthy Lifestyles by exploring cutting-edge research in the field. It seeks to provide a platform for scholars to contribute innovative insights into the complex and multifaceted nature of health, emphasizing the importance of early interventions and interdisciplinary approaches.

Cutting-Edge Research:

We welcome the submission of groundbreaking studies that examine new perspectives on health promotion, evaluate the effectiveness of school-based and community-driven interventions, and analyze the interplay between physical, mental, and social dimensions of health. Contributions that explore the integration of technological innovations in fostering healthy lifestyles or examine cultural and contextual factors shaping healthy behaviors are particularly encouraged.

What Kind of Papers We Are Soliciting:

We are seeking original research articles, comprehensive reviews, and case studies that provide empirical evidence or theoretical advancements related to health and healthy lifestyles. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the role of education and family in promoting healthy habits, the impact of physical activity and nutrition on long-term well-being, and policy-driven strategies to enhance health outcomes. Submissions addressing interdisciplinary approaches or offering global and cross-cultural perspectives are also particularly welcome.

Dr. Iker Saez
Dr. Aitor Coca
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • health promotion
  • healthy lifestyles
  • physical activity and nutrition
  • school-based interventions
  • holistic health approaches

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 229 KB  
Article
Fruit and Vegetable Accessibility in the Home: Intervention Changes and Cross-Sectional Associations with Diet Quality
by Adriana Verdezoto Alvarado and Shannon M Robson
Children 2026, 13(4), 577; https://doi.org/10.3390/children13040577 - 21 Apr 2026
Viewed by 460
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Fruit and vegetable (FV) availability/accessibility are associated with increased intake of FVs and are important determinants of intake. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the pre-post changes in an FV accessibility intervention and examine cross-sectional associations between accessibility domains and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Fruit and vegetable (FV) availability/accessibility are associated with increased intake of FVs and are important determinants of intake. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the pre-post changes in an FV accessibility intervention and examine cross-sectional associations between accessibility domains and diet quality categories at pre- and post-intervention. Methods: Thirty parent–child dyads (mean age = 41.2 ± 4.7; 9.2 ± 1.9) completed an 8-week pre-post intervention. Assessments included perceptions of accessibility, the Home Food Inventory with added accessibility domains, and three-day diet records used to calculate HEI-2020 scores. Stuart–Maxwell tests were used to evaluate changes in categorical responses, paired t-tests assessed pre-post changes, and independent t-tests compared accessibility by HEI category. Results: Parents reported a perceived increase in frequency of having the form of FVs prepared/ready for use (p = 0.034). No significant pre–post changes were observed in objective FV availability/accessibility domains, FV intake, or HEI scores for children and parents. Exploratory analyses showed that children and parents with HEI-total scores above national averages had higher mean FV location and visibility, with post-intervention visibility being significantly associated with higher HEI among children (p = 0.048) and location being significantly associated with higher HEI among parents at pre- (p = 0.033) and post-intervention (p = 0.046). Conclusions: The FV accessibility intervention did not significantly improve objective HFE accessibility or diet quality in this small sample. Exploratory findings suggest that FV accessibility domains may be associated with diet quality; however, these observations are preliminary. Larger and longer-term studies are needed to determine whether modifying FV accessibility can meaningfully improve children’s dietary intake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Healthy Lifestyles in Children and Adolescents)
16 pages, 433 KB  
Article
Summer Success: SKIPing to Motor Competence for Disadvantaged Preschoolers
by Dimetrius Brandon, Ruri Famelia, E. Kipling Webster and Jacqueline D. Goodway
Children 2025, 12(5), 578; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12050578 - 29 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1482
Abstract
Background: Disadvantaged children often enter kindergarten with delays in fundamental motor skill (FMS) competence, which is critical for future physical activity engagement. The Summer Success—Successful Kinesthetic Instruction for Preschoolers (SS-SKIP) program was designed to address these developmental gaps, with a short, intensive [...] Read more.
Background: Disadvantaged children often enter kindergarten with delays in fundamental motor skill (FMS) competence, which is critical for future physical activity engagement. The Summer Success—Successful Kinesthetic Instruction for Preschoolers (SS-SKIP) program was designed to address these developmental gaps, with a short, intensive intervention. This pilot study evaluated the impact of a 4-week SS-SKIP program on FMS, perceived motor competence (PMC), and executive function (EF). Methods: Twenty-one preschool children (mean age = 62.62 ± 4.61 months) from disadvantaged communities participated in an intensive, month-long (240 min) program. FMS were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2), PMC was evaluated using the Pictorial Scale for Perceived Competence, and EF was measured via the Head–Toes–Knees–Shoulders (HTKS), Go/No-Go, and Sorting cards tests. Standing long jump was measured in meters. A pretest–post-test design assessed program impact using 2 Gender X 2 Session MANOVAs/ANOVAs on dependent variables. Results: Analysis of differences in baseline measures of FMS competence and EF by Gender and Session revealed no significant main effects of Gender, Session, or their interaction across measures (all p > 0.05). Repeated measures ANOVAs by Gender revealed a significant main effect for Time for locomotor standard scores (p < 0.001), object control standard scores (p < 0.001), and HTKS scores (p < 0.001), indicating improvement from pretest to post-test. By contrast, jump distance, PMC, Go/No-Go and Card Sorting scores were non-significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: A short, intense SS-SKIP FMS intervention significantly enhanced FMS and improved HTKS performance. This pilot study was limited by the lack of a control group and small N. These findings underscore the potential of short, targeted interventions in addressing early motor delays in disadvantaged preschoolers, warranting further investigation into their long-term impacts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Healthy Lifestyles in Children and Adolescents)
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Review

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22 pages, 716 KB  
Review
Physical Literacy and Physical Activity of Young Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Scoping Review
by Stéphanie Girard, Jason D’Amours, Jessica Bélisle, Annabelle Ross and Annie Paquet
Children 2026, 13(4), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/children13040548 - 15 Apr 2026
Viewed by 1256
Abstract
Background: Developing physical literacy in children with developmental disabilities (DDs) is essential to fostering their participation in physical activity. According to the Canadian Framework, physical literacy encompasses multiple interrelated components (behavioral, physical, affective, and cognitive). Such engagement provides numerous benefits, including reduced symptoms [...] Read more.
Background: Developing physical literacy in children with developmental disabilities (DDs) is essential to fostering their participation in physical activity. According to the Canadian Framework, physical literacy encompasses multiple interrelated components (behavioral, physical, affective, and cognitive). Such engagement provides numerous benefits, including reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as improved functional and cognitive health. However, children with DD appear to be less active than those without such conditions. Since individuals who are active during childhood and adolescence are more likely to remain active during adulthood, it becomes crucial to better understand how to support the physical literacy development of children with DD, hence enhancing their participation in physical activity. In addition, children with DD remain underrepresented in the literature, particularly with regard to their opportunities to develop their physical literacy and their varied needs, such as limited physical activity options. Objective: The aim of this scoping review was to identify and analyze the existing literature on the development of physical literacy and physical activity participation in young children (0–6 years) with DD. Methods: Four databases were searched (PsycInfo: n = 722; MEDLINE: n = 997; ERIC: n = 514; CINAHL: n = 771), and 25 articles were retained. Characteristics of these studies were analyzed quantitatively, while their scope was analyzed according to physical literacy components. Results: Most studies (80%) used a quantitative method, and nearly half (44%) concerned young children with autism spectrum disorder. A little more than half of the studies (52%) focused on early intervention programs. In regard to the scope of the studies, none addressed the cognitive component of physical literacy, indicating a lack in the current literature, and more than half provided information on how to support the affective component. Moreover, information regarding parents’ involvement in physical activity of children with DD emerged from six studies analyzed. Conclusions: The results yield interesting insights on how to support the physical literacy development of children with DD and the factors likely to influence their physical activity participation. Early intervention programs promoting physical literacy could be promising avenues to support lifelong physical activity habits for these children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Healthy Lifestyles in Children and Adolescents)
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22 pages, 887 KB  
Review
School-Based Alcohol and Tobacco Prevention Strategies: A Scoping Review and the Missing Role of School Nurses
by Paula Concha-Gacitua, Amalia Sillero Sillero, Sonia Ayuso-Margañon, Maria J. Golusda, Ana Maria Montserrat-Gala, Eva Gutiérrez-Naharro and Raquel Ayuso-Margañon
Children 2026, 13(4), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/children13040453 - 26 Mar 2026
Viewed by 1607
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Alcohol and tobacco use in adolescence are major public health concerns that shape long-term health trajectories and undermine healthy behaviour development. Schools are key settings for health promotion, offering structured environments to foster self-regulation, social skills, and protective behaviours. This scoping [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Alcohol and tobacco use in adolescence are major public health concerns that shape long-term health trajectories and undermine healthy behaviour development. Schools are key settings for health promotion, offering structured environments to foster self-regulation, social skills, and protective behaviours. This scoping review mapped recent school-based educational strategies designed to prevent alcohol and tobacco use among adolescents and to examine whether the included studies reported any involvement of school nurses. Methods: Review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and adhered to JBI guidance and PRISMA-ScR. Searches were conducted in PubMed and Web of Science (2019–2024) to identify school-based educational interventions targeting alcohol and/or tobacco use among primary or secondary school children. The primary search targeted prevention strategies, complemented by nursing-related terms to identify nurse involvement. A standardised charting form captured study characteristics, intervention formats, theoretical foundations, implementation factors, and any reported participation of health professionals. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Most were randomised controlled trials (81.8%). Educational strategies included online (45.5%), hybrid (27.3%), and face-to-face (27.3%) formats. Programs focused on social skills, self-regulation, harm reduction, or resilience. Digital formats were cost-effective but showed challenges in engagement and sustained participation, while face-to-face or hybrid approaches offered relational support but were vulnerable to implementation drift. No study reported nurse involvement. Conclusions: School-based prevention strategies can contribute to healthier behaviours related to substance use by reinforcing socioemotional competencies and reducing early exposure to substances. However, persistent barriers such as low engagement, inconsistent delivery, and the absence of health professionals limit their impact. The role of school nurses could be considered in future school-based prevention programmes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Healthy Lifestyles in Children and Adolescents)
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Other

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13 pages, 839 KB  
Perspective
Inclusion in Motion: Promoting Equitable Physical Activity and Health in Childhood and Adolescence
by Vidar Sandsaunet Ulset, Luca Oppici, Karin Hamre, James Robert Rudd, Annett Victoria Stornæs, Heidi Marian Haraldsen and Reidar Säfvenbom
Children 2025, 12(7), 942; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12070942 - 17 Jul 2025
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3080
Abstract
Inclusion in play, physical education, outdoor life, organized sports, and other movement-based activities can promote resilience and support physical, emotional, and social well-being. These arenas are particularly important for reducing health disparities and preventing social marginalization across the lifespan. Yet, children and adolescents [...] Read more.
Inclusion in play, physical education, outdoor life, organized sports, and other movement-based activities can promote resilience and support physical, emotional, and social well-being. These arenas are particularly important for reducing health disparities and preventing social marginalization across the lifespan. Yet, children and adolescents from vulnerable or disadvantaged backgrounds encounter persistent barriers to participation, rooted in broader inequalities related to their socioeconomic position, disability, gender, ethnicity, and access to supportive environments. This perspective outlines how inclusive movement contexts, when informed by developmental systems theory and resilience frameworks, can interrupt trajectories of marginalization and promote long-term equity in health, education, and work inclusion. We emphasize the need for interdisciplinary approaches, combining longitudinal and qualitative methods, to uncover how vulnerability and participation interact dynamically over time. By integrating insights from developmental science, education, public health, and spatial ecology, we identify strategic pathways for research and action. Addressing these challenges requires coordinated efforts across sectors and stakeholders to co-create inclusive, context-sensitive interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Healthy Lifestyles in Children and Adolescents)
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