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Children
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Advances in Neonatal Resuscitation
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Advances in Neonatal Resuscitation

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Neonatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2022) | Viewed by 13946

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Munmun Rawat

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
Interests: neonatal resuscitation; neonatal pulmonology; meconium aspiration; neonatal ventilation assessment; pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neonatal resuscitation has come a long way in the past five decades and is constantly evolving. From word-of-mouth teaching methods, it has developed into organized programs. In this Special Issue, we aim to analyze current practices and discuss the emerging concepts that will shape the future of neonatal resuscitation. Our focus will be to present advances in neonatal resuscitation education, various steps, techniques, medications, and equipment involved contributing to neonatal transition, improving outcomes and minimizing long-term injury.

We invite you to contribute articles on neonatal resuscitation to this Special Issue. Both reviews and original research will be considered for publication.

Thank you.

Dr. Munmun Rawat
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Dr. Munmun Rawat
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neonatal resuscitation
  • neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation education
  • cord management
  • communication during neonatal resuscitation
  • chest compressions
  • epinephrine
  • airway management

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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6 pages, 199 KiB  
Article
Laryngeal Mask Ventilation during Neonatal Resuscitation: A Case Series
by Lauren White, Katelyn Gerth, Vicki Threadgill, Susan Bedwell, Edgardo G. Szyld and Birju A. Shah
Children 2022, 9(6), 897; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060897 - 16 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2006
Abstract
Positive pressure ventilation via a facemask is a critical step in neonatal resuscitation but may be a difficult skill for frontline providers or trainees to master. A laryngeal mask is an alternative to endotracheal intubation for some newborns who require an advanced airway. [...] Read more.
Positive pressure ventilation via a facemask is a critical step in neonatal resuscitation but may be a difficult skill for frontline providers or trainees to master. A laryngeal mask is an alternative to endotracheal intubation for some newborns who require an advanced airway. We present the first case series in the United States in which a laryngeal mask was successfully utilized during resuscitation of newborns greater than or equal to 34 weeks’ gestation following an interdisciplinary quality improvement collaborative and focused training program. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Neonatal Resuscitation)

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

18 pages, 1417 KiB  
Review
Cardiac Asystole at Birth Re-Visited: Effects of Acute Hypovolemic Shock
by Judith Mercer, Debra Erickson-Owens, Heike Rabe and Ola Andersson
Children 2023, 10(2), 383; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020383 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2752
Abstract
Births involving shoulder dystocia or tight nuchal cords can deteriorate rapidly. The fetus may have had a reassuring tracing just before birth yet may be born without any heartbeat (asystole). Since the publication of our first article on cardiac asystole with two cases, [...] Read more.
Births involving shoulder dystocia or tight nuchal cords can deteriorate rapidly. The fetus may have had a reassuring tracing just before birth yet may be born without any heartbeat (asystole). Since the publication of our first article on cardiac asystole with two cases, five similar cases have been published. We suggest that these infants shift blood to the placenta due to the tight squeeze of the birth canal during the second stage which compresses the cord. The squeeze transfers blood to the placenta via the firm-walled arteries but prevents blood returning to the infant via the soft-walled umbilical vein. These infants may then be born severely hypovolemic resulting in asystole secondary to the loss of blood. Immediate cord clamping (ICC) prevents the newborn’s access to this blood after birth. Even if the infant is resuscitated, loss of this large amount of blood volume may initiate an inflammatory response that can enhance neuropathologic processes including seizures, hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and death. We present the role of the autonomic nervous system in the development of asystole and suggest an alternative algorithm to address the need to provide these infants intact cord resuscitation. Leaving the cord intact (allowing for return of the umbilical cord circulation) for several minutes after birth may allow most of the sequestered blood to return to the infant. Umbilical cord milking may return enough of the blood volume to restart the heart but there are likely reparative functions that are carried out by the placenta during the continued neonatal–placental circulation allowed by an intact cord. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Neonatal Resuscitation)
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17 pages, 1416 KiB  
Review
Laryngeal Masks in Neonatal Resuscitation—A Narrative Review of Updates 2022
by Srinivasan Mani, Joaquim M. B. Pinheiro and Munmun Rawat
Children 2022, 9(5), 733; https://doi.org/10.3390/children9050733 - 17 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6896
Abstract
Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is crucial to neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation because respiratory failure precedes cardiac failure in newborns affected by perinatal asphyxia. Prolonged ineffective PPV could lead to a need for advanced resuscitation such as intubation, chest compression, and epinephrine. Every 30 s [...] Read more.
Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is crucial to neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation because respiratory failure precedes cardiac failure in newborns affected by perinatal asphyxia. Prolonged ineffective PPV could lead to a need for advanced resuscitation such as intubation, chest compression, and epinephrine. Every 30 s delay in initiation of PPV increased the risk of death or morbidity by 16%. The most effective interface for providing PPV in the early phases of resuscitation is still unclear. Laryngeal masks (LMs) are supraglottic airway devices that provide less invasive and relatively stable airway access without the need for laryngoscopy which have been studied as an alternative to face masks and endotracheal tubes in the initial stages of neonatal resuscitation. A meta-analysis found that LM is a safe and more effective alternative to face mask ventilation in neonatal resuscitation. LM is recommended as an alternative secondary airway device for the resuscitation of infants > 34 weeks by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. It is adopted by various national neonatal resuscitation guidelines across the globe. Recent good-quality randomized trials have enhanced our understanding of the utility of laryngeal masks in low-resource settings. Nevertheless, LM is underutilized due to its variable availability in delivery rooms, providers’ limited experience, insufficient training, preference for endotracheal tube, and lack of awareness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Neonatal Resuscitation)
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Other

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9 pages, 575 KiB  
Brief Report
Four Different Finger Positions and Their Effects on Hemodynamic Changes during Chest Compression in Asphyxiated Neonatal Piglets
by Marlies Bruckner, Mattias Neset, Megan O’Reilly, Tze-Fun Lee, Po-Yin Cheung and Georg M. Schmölzer
Children 2023, 10(2), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020283 - 01 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1428
Abstract
Background: The Neonatal Life Support Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations states that chest compressions (CC) be performed preferably with the 2-thumb encircling technique. The aim of this study was to compare the hemodynamic effects of four different finger positions during CC in [...] Read more.
Background: The Neonatal Life Support Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations states that chest compressions (CC) be performed preferably with the 2-thumb encircling technique. The aim of this study was to compare the hemodynamic effects of four different finger positions during CC in a piglet model of neonatal asphyxia. Methods: Seven asphyxiated post-transitional piglets were randomized to CC with 2-thumb-, 2-finger-, knocking-fingers-, and over-the-head 2-thumb-techniques for one minute at each technique. CC superimposed with sustained inflations were performed manually. Results: Seven newborn piglets (age 0–4 days, weight 2.0–2.1 kg) were included in the study. The mean (SD) slope rise of carotid blood flow was significantly higher with the 2-thumb-technique and over-the-head 2-thumb-technique (118 (45) mL/min/s and 121 (46) mL/min/s, respectively) compared to the 2-finger-technique and knocking-finger-technique (75 (48) mL/min/s and 71 (67) mL/min/s, respectively) (p < 0.001). The mean (SD) dp/dtmin (as an expression of left ventricular function) was significantly lower with the 2-thumb-technique, with −1052 (369) mmHg/s, compared to −568 (229) mmHg/s and −578(180) mmHg/s (both p = 0.012) with the 2-finger-technique and knocking-finger-technique, respectively. Conclusion: The 2-thumb-technique and the over-the-head 2-thumb-technique resulted in improved slope rises of carotid blood flow and dp/dtmin during chest compression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Neonatal Resuscitation)
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