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Children
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Pediatric Sleep Medicine: A Look Back and a Look Ahead
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Pediatric Sleep Medicine: A Look Back and a Look Ahead

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 February 2025) | Viewed by 2333

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Marco Zaffanello

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy
Interests: sleep-disordered breathing; sleep apnea syndrome; children; infants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent decades have witnessed profound advancements in pediatric sleep medicine, particularly underscoring the indispensable role of sleep in the holistic well-being of children. This Special Issue, “Pediatric Sleep Medicine: A Look Back and a Look Ahead”, aims to illuminate emergent paradigms and avant-garde innovations within this discipline. The compilation will accentuate the empirical insights and scholarly endeavors of clinicians and investigators dedicated to pediatric sleep disorders. The accurate identification and therapeutic management of pediatric sleep disorders are imperative to avert the potential cognitive, behavioral, and somatic repercussions associated with these conditions. Furthermore, this Special Issue explores prospective clinical and pharmacological research trajectories. The continual evolution of research, interdisciplinary collaboration, and a comprehensive, multi-faceted approach will markedly enhance the health outcomes for children contending with these complex pathologies.

Dr. Marco Zaffanello
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • children
  • complications
  • multidisciplinary
  • prevention
  • sleep apnea
  • sleep disorder
  • sleep medicine
  • treatment

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 611 KiB  
Article
Prioritising Polysomnography in Children with Suspected Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Key Roles of Symptom Onset and Sleep Questionnaire Scores
by Luana Nosetti, Marco Zaffanello, Daniela Simoncini, Gaia Dellea, Maddalena Vitali, Hajar Amoudi and Massimo Agosti
Children 2024, 11(10), 1228; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11101228 - 10 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1146
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSA) in children disrupts normal breathing patterns and sleep architecture, potentially leading to severe consequences. Early identification and intervention are crucial to prevent these issues. This study explored the relationships between waiting times for polysomnography (PSG), clinical history, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSA) in children disrupts normal breathing patterns and sleep architecture, potentially leading to severe consequences. Early identification and intervention are crucial to prevent these issues. This study explored the relationships between waiting times for polysomnography (PSG), clinical history, patient age at the time of PSG, and PSG outcomes in children. Methods: Two hundred and fourteen children were prospectively enrolled. Data were extracted from medical records regarding the patients’ age at the time of a referral for PSG and their age at the time of its execution. Information on the waiting times for PSG, a diagnosis (primary snoring, mild, moderate, and severe OSA), and a history of snoring and apnoea were also collected. Additional data included medications, surgical interventions, passive smoke exposure, and allergies. The records also included the Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). Results: The patient age at the time of a PSG prescription was lower for patients with a short history of sleep apnoeas (≤12 months; 4.6 (SD 2.6) years) compared to those with a long history (>12 months; 5.5 (SD 2.7) years; p = 0.027). The waiting time from prescription to PSG execution was shorter for patients with a short history of sleep apnoea (4.1 (SD 3.8) months) compared to those with a longer history (5.9 (SD 3.8) months; p = 0.001). A higher frequency of having an adenotonsillectomies before a PSG prescription was observed in the long-history group compared to the short-history group (13.3% vs. 6.9%). Conversely, a higher frequency of adenoidectomies before a PSG prescription was noted in the short-history group compared to the long-history group (9.7% vs. 1.3%). Conclusions: This study found that younger children with a shorter history of OSA are diagnosed and evaluated earlier than older children with a longer history of the condition, suggesting that prolonged symptoms may delay a diagnosis. ENT surgeries also vary among patients, with less invasive procedures (adenoidectomy) being more common in younger children with shorter histories of OSA. The increasing awareness of OSA highlights the need for improved access to diagnostic and treatment resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Sleep Medicine: A Look Back and a Look Ahead)
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Review

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16 pages, 1233 KiB  
Review
Risk and Protective Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Throughout Lifespan: From Pregnancy to Adolescence
by Duilio Petrongari, Francesca Ciarelli, Paola Di Filippo, Armando Di Ludovico, Sabrina Di Pillo, Francesco Chiarelli, Giulia Maria Pellegrino, Giuseppe Francesco Sferrazza Papa, Luana Nosetti and Marina Attanasi
Children 2025, 12(2), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12020216 - 12 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 864
Abstract
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children is indeed a significant and often underdiagnosed condition. The risk factors for OSAS vary across different stages of life. Objectives: Identifying risk factors early can help in taking preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of [...] Read more.
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children is indeed a significant and often underdiagnosed condition. The risk factors for OSAS vary across different stages of life. Objectives: Identifying risk factors early can help in taking preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of developing OSAS, and different life stages may require different interventions. Results: During pregnancy, maternal factors such as obesity, smoking, and genetic predispositions can increase the risk of OSAS, while breastfeeding serves as a protective factor. For children aged 2 to 12, adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the primary cause of airway narrowing, with other contributing factors including obesity, craniofacial abnormalities, and increased nasal resistance. In adolescence, obesity and craniofacial abnormalities remain the main risk factors. Conclusions: By reviewing and understanding these risk factors, healthcare providers can offer more personalized and effective care, ultimately leading to better health outcomes for individuals at all stages of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Sleep Medicine: A Look Back and a Look Ahead)
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