Advancements of Chemosensors and Biosensors in China—2nd Edition

A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 6700

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yuquan Campus, Zhouyiqing Building, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Interests: biosensors and bioelectronics; electronic nose and electronic tongue; cell-based biosensors (cbbs) and organoid chips; bio-mems and bio-nems; biomimetic sensors
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Guest Editor
1. ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
2. Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: droplet-based microfluidic analysis; microfluidic mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatographic analysis; miniaturization of analytical instruments; application of microfluidic techniques and systems in single-cell analysis; high-throughput screening; biochemical analysis; clinical diagnosis; point-of-care testing

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Guest Editor
Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Interests: biosensors; smartphone based biosensors; wearable biosensors; electrochemical sensor; optical biosensors; self-powered sensors; healthcare monitoring

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chemosensors are a device that transforms chemical information, ranging from the concentration of a specific sample component to total composition analysis, into an analytically useful signal. The development of efficient chemosensors and biosensors is highly important in various aspects of biomedical science and analytical and environmental science. This Special Issue will provide an overview of the frontiers and progress of chemosensors and biosensors in China.

Topics include but are not limited to the following:

  • Electrochemical sensors;
  • Optical chemical sensors;
  • Mass-sensitive sensors;
  • Field-effect transistor sensors;
  • Catalytic sensors;
  • Acoustic and thermal sensors;
  • Sensor array;
  • Innovative materials and their sensing application;
  • Other sensors.

Prof. Dr. Ping Wang
Prof. Dr. Qun Fang
Prof. Dr. Qingjun Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Chemosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrochemical sensors
  • optical chemical sensors
  • mass-sensitive sensors
  • field-effect transistor sensors
  • catalytic sensors
  • acoustic and thermal sensors
  • sensor array
  • innovative materials and their sensing application
  • other sensors

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3236 KiB  
Article
Detection of Ammonia Nitrogen in Neutral Aqueous Solutions Based on In Situ Modulation Using Ultramicro Interdigitated Array Electrode Chip
by Yuqi Liu, Nan Qiu, Zhihao Zhang, Yang Li and Chao Bian
Chemosensors 2025, 13(4), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13040138 - 9 Apr 2025
Viewed by 301
Abstract
In this study, an in situ electrochemical modulation method based on an ultramicro interdigitated array electrode (UIAE) sensor chip was developed for the detection of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) in neutral aqueous solutions. One comb of the UIAE was used as the [...] Read more.
In this study, an in situ electrochemical modulation method based on an ultramicro interdigitated array electrode (UIAE) sensor chip was developed for the detection of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) in neutral aqueous solutions. One comb of the UIAE was used as the working electrode for both the modulating and sensing functions, while the other comb was used as the counter electrode. Utilizing its enhanced mass transfer and proximity effects, the feasibility of in situ modulation of the solution environment near the UIAE chip to generate an electrochemical response for NH3-N was investigated using electrochemical methods. The proposed method enhances the concentration of hydroxide ions and active chloride in the local solution near the sensor chip. These reactive species play a key role in improving the sensor’s electrocatalytic oxidation capability toward ammonia nitrogen, facilitating the sensitive detection of ammonia nitrogen in neutral environments. A linear relationship was displayed, ranging from 0.15–2.0 mg/L (as nitrogen) with a sensitivity of 3.7936 µA·L·mg−1 (0.0664 µA µM−1 mm−2), which was 2.45 times that in strong alkaline conditions without modulation. Additionally, the relative standard deviation of the measurement remained below 2.9% over five days of repeated experiments, indicating excellent stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements of Chemosensors and Biosensors in China—2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 3362 KiB  
Article
A Microelectrode Sensor Chip for Detecting Mercury and Arsenic with Wide Concentration Ranges
by Zhihao Zhang, Yuqi Liu, Yang Li and Chao Bian
Chemosensors 2025, 13(4), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13040129 - 3 Apr 2025
Viewed by 235
Abstract
Traditional detection methods such as atomic absorption spectroscopy offer high sensitivity and accuracy for heavy metal ion detection; however, they are often limited to laboratory environments due to bulky equipment and complex procedures. To meet the demand for rapid on-site detection, this study [...] Read more.
Traditional detection methods such as atomic absorption spectroscopy offer high sensitivity and accuracy for heavy metal ion detection; however, they are often limited to laboratory environments due to bulky equipment and complex procedures. To meet the demand for rapid on-site detection, this study employs electrochemical analysis and utilizes Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology to fabricate a microelectrode sensor chip for the electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions, Hg(II) and As(III). Nano-gold particles were electrodeposited on the sensing area of the working electrode of this chip using a constant-potential deposition method. Uniform distribution of the nanoparticles was obtained, which enhanced the effective specific surface area and electrochemical activity of the working electrode. Therefore, wide detection concentration ranges for Hg(II) of 5 to 1000 µg/L and for As(III) of 5 to 5000 µg/L were displayed, with detection limits of 1.4 µg/L and 2.4 µg/L, respectively. Moreover, the sensor exhibited satisfactory reproducibility, stability and anti-interference capability. These characteristics enable the developed microelectrode sensor chip to be utilized in the monitoring of a diverse range of pollution sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements of Chemosensors and Biosensors in China—2nd Edition)
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19 pages, 2272 KiB  
Article
Integrating Fusion Strategies and Calibration Transfer Models to Detect Total Nitrogen of Soil Using Vis-NIR Spectroscopy
by Zhengyu Tao, Anan Tao, Yi Lu, Xiaolong Li, Fei Liu and Wenwen Kong
Chemosensors 2025, 13(2), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13020057 - 7 Feb 2025
Viewed by 624
Abstract
Visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy is widely used for rapid soil element detection, but calibration models are often limited by instrument-specific constraints, including varying laboratory conditions and sensor configurations. To address this, we propose a novel calibration transfer method that eliminates the conventional requirement [...] Read more.
Visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy is widely used for rapid soil element detection, but calibration models are often limited by instrument-specific constraints, including varying laboratory conditions and sensor configurations. To address this, we propose a novel calibration transfer method that eliminates the conventional requirement of designating ‘master’ and ‘slave’ devices. Instead, spectral data from two spectrometers are fused to create a master spectrum, while independent spectral data serve as slave spectra. We developed an ensemble stacking model, incorporating partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector regression (SVR), and ridge regression (Ridge) in the first layer, with BoostForest (BF) as the second layer, trained on the fused master spectrum. This model was further integrated with three calibration transfer methods: direct standardization (DS), piecewise direct standardization (PDS), and spectral space transfer (SST), to enable seamless application across slave spectra. Applied to soil total nitrogen (TN) detection, the method achieved an R2P of 0.842, RMSEP of 0.017, and RPD of 2.544 on the first slave spectrometer, and an R2P of 0.830, RMSEP of 0.018, and RPD of 2.452 on the second. These results demonstrate the method’s ability to simplify calibration processes while enhancing cross-instrument prediction accuracy, supporting robust and generalizable cross-instrument applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements of Chemosensors and Biosensors in China—2nd Edition)
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21 pages, 7142 KiB  
Article
Implicit Measurement of Sweetness Intensity and Affective Value Based on fNIRS
by Jiayu Mai, Siying Li, Zhenbo Wei and Yi Sun
Chemosensors 2025, 13(2), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13020036 - 26 Jan 2025
Viewed by 723
Abstract
This study explores the effectiveness of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as an implicit measurement tool for evaluating sweetness intensity and affective value. Thirty-two participants tasted sucrose solutions at concentrations of 0.15 M, 0.3 M, and 0.6 M, while both their neural responses were [...] Read more.
This study explores the effectiveness of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as an implicit measurement tool for evaluating sweetness intensity and affective value. Thirty-two participants tasted sucrose solutions at concentrations of 0.15 M, 0.3 M, and 0.6 M, while both their neural responses were recorded with a 24-channel fNIRS system and their self-reported assessments of sweetness intensity and affective value were collected. The neural fNIRS data were converted into oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) concentrations using the modified Beer–Lambert Law, and analyzed through univariate activation analysis and multivariable decoding analysis to identify neural activation patterns associated with sweetness perception. The results showed significant activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in response to varying levels of sweetness intensity and affective value, with channels 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 17 consistently activated across all sucrose concentrations. As sweetness concentration increased from 0.15 M to 0.6 M, the number of significantly activated channels rose from seven to eleven, indicating stronger and more widespread neural responses corresponding to higher sweetness intensity. The multivariable decoding analysis further demonstrated the capability of fNIRS in accurately distinguishing positive affective responses, with up to 72.1% accuracy. The moderate positive correlation between explicit self-reports and implicit fNIRS data regarding sweetness intensity further supports the validity of fNIRS as a reliable tool for assessing taste perception. This study highlights the potential of fNIRS in sensory neuroscience, demonstrating its effectiveness in capturing the neural mechanisms underlying sweet taste perception. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements of Chemosensors and Biosensors in China—2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 3128 KiB  
Article
Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Gas Sensor with PEDOT:PSS/Gold–Platinum Nanocomposites for Highly Sensitive Detection of Methane
by Jiaying Sun, Zhuoru Huang, Xiaojing Zhang, Hangming Xiong, Weijie Yu, Shimeng Mou, Wenwu Zhu and Hao Wan
Chemosensors 2025, 13(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13010003 - 25 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1095
Abstract
Methane is a common intestinal gas that has been linked to a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, we prepared a LIG-based electrochemical sensor modified with PEDOT:PSS/Au-Pt nanocomposites for high-sensitivity methane detection. LIG’s high porosity, flexibility, and excellent electrical conductivity are beneficial [...] Read more.
Methane is a common intestinal gas that has been linked to a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, we prepared a LIG-based electrochemical sensor modified with PEDOT:PSS/Au-Pt nanocomposites for high-sensitivity methane detection. LIG’s high porosity, flexibility, and excellent electrical conductivity are beneficial for electrochemical detection. The PEDOT:PSS film is electrodeposited on the electrode surface to amplify the signal further. The synergistic effect of bimetallic nanocomposites can improve the electrochemical catalytic activity and increase the specific surface area and the advantages of active sites. The experimental results show that the LIG sensor has a wide linear detection range (2–500 ppm), a low detection limit (about 0.36 ppm), high sensitivity, and good repeatability. The sensor is easy to manufacture, is low-cost, operates at room temperature, has high sensitivity, has a low detection limit, and is expected to be used for methane breath detection in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements of Chemosensors and Biosensors in China—2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 2120 KiB  
Article
Flexible Polymer-Based Electrodes for Detecting Depression-Related Theta Oscillations in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex
by Rui Sun, Shunuo Shang, Qunchen Yuan, Ping Wang and Liujing Zhuang
Chemosensors 2024, 12(12), 258; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12120258 - 10 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1022
Abstract
This study investigates neural activity changes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute depression mouse model using flexible polymer multichannel electrodes, local field potential (LFP) analysis, and a convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) classification model. LPS treatment effectively [...] Read more.
This study investigates neural activity changes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute depression mouse model using flexible polymer multichannel electrodes, local field potential (LFP) analysis, and a convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) classification model. LPS treatment effectively induced depressive-like behaviors, including increased immobility in the tail suspension and forced swim tests, as well as reduced sucrose preference. These behavioral outcomes validate the LPS-induced depressive phenotype, providing a foundation for neurophysiological analysis. Flexible polymer-based electrodes enabled the long-term recording of high-quality LFP and spike signals from the mPFC. Time-frequency and power spectral density (PSD) analyses revealed a significant increase in theta band (3–8 Hz) amplitude under depressive conditions. Using theta waveform features extracted via empirical mode decomposition (EMD), we classified depressive states with a CNN-LSTM model, achieving high accuracy in both training and validation sets. This study presents a novel approach for depression state recognition using flexible polymer electrodes, EMD, and CNN-LSTM modeling, suggesting that heightened theta oscillations in the mPFC may serve as a neural marker for depression. Future studies may explore theta coupling across brain regions to further elucidate neural network disruptions associated with depression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements of Chemosensors and Biosensors in China—2nd Edition)
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Review

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20 pages, 2452 KiB  
Review
Functional Organic Electrochemical Transistor-Based Biosensors for Biomedical Applications
by Zhiyao Wang, Minggao Liu, Yundi Zhao, Yating Chen, Beenish Noureen, Liping Du and Chunsheng Wu
Chemosensors 2024, 12(11), 236; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12110236 - 13 Nov 2024
Viewed by 2055
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), as an emerging device for the development of novel biosensors, have attracted more and more attention in recent years, demonstrating their promising prospects and commercial potential. Functional OECTs have been widely applied in the field of biosensors due to [...] Read more.
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), as an emerging device for the development of novel biosensors, have attracted more and more attention in recent years, demonstrating their promising prospects and commercial potential. Functional OECTs have been widely applied in the field of biosensors due to their decisive advantages, such as high transconductance, easy functionalization, and high integration capability. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the most recent advances in the application of functional OECT-based biosensors in biomedicine, especially focusing on those biosensors for the detection of physiological and biochemical parameters that are critical for the health of human beings. First, the main components and basic working principles of OECTs will be briefly introduced. In the following, the strategies and key technologies for the preparation of functional OECT-based biosensors will be outlined and discussed with regard to the applications of the detection of various targets, including metabolites, ions, neurotransmitters, electrophysiological parameters, and immunological molecules. Finally, the current main issues and future development trends of functional OECT-based biosensors will be proposed and discussed. The breakthrough in functional OECT-based biosensors is believed to enable such devices to achieve higher performance, and thus, this technology could provide new insight into the future field of medical and life sciences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements of Chemosensors and Biosensors in China—2nd Edition)
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