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10th Anniversary of Chemosensors: Miniaturized Analytical Devices for Chemical and Biological Sensing

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A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "Analytical Methods, Instrumentation and Miniaturization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 23104

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Stéphane Le Calvé

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Guest Editor

Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health (ICPEES, UMR 7515), CNRS and University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
Interests: analytical chemistry; air quality; environment; instrumentation; microfluidics; nanomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Irene Lara-Ibeas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Institute for Renewable Energy, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
Interests: indoor air quality; gas sensors; VOC emissions; functional materials; analytical chemistry; instrumentation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are celebrating the 10th anniversary of Chemosensors with a Special Issue in the Section “Analytical Methods, Instrumentation and Miniaturization” (IF: 4.229, ISSN 2227-9040) in 2023.

We would like to take this opportunity to thank all the scholars who have, over the years, contributed to the section’s success for their time and effort. All these contributions have enhanced the quality of this journal and its popularity around the world.

In celebration of this tenth anniversary, we are organizing a Special Issue on Miniaturized Analytical Devices for Chemical and Biological Sensing. The Special Issue covers a wide range of topical issues related to the detection of chemical molecules or biological agents for multiple applications including air quality, healthcare, environmental monitoring, food analysis, and pharma.

In order to celebrate this anniversary, we invite you to contribute an original research paper or a comprehensive review article on a trending or hot topic for peer review and possible publication. Topics include but are not limited to:

MEMS-based detection systems;
Sensing technologies for health risk assessment;
Innovative sensors and smart sensor arrays;
Functional materials for sensing;
Analytical methods based on machine learning algorithms;
Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring systems;
Microdevices for the detection of diseases and biological markers.

Dr. Stéphane Le Calvé
Dr. Irene Lara-Ibeas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Chemosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

analytical chemistry
instrumentation
miniaturization
sensors and actuators
microfluidics
nanomaterials
preconcentration
chemical sensors
biosensors

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4035 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Polyphenol Patterns of Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivars by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS; Application of FT-NIR and Chemometric Methods, Classification Options

by Anna Matkovits, Marietta Fodor and Zsuzsa Jókai

Chemosensors 2024, 12(2), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12020019 - 26 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1452

Abstract

The nutritional properties of Pleurotus mushrooms were studied to select the varieties with the most favourable properties. These mushrooms have high nutritional value; they are rich in carbohydrates, protein, minerals, vitamins, chitin and reducing compounds, such as phenols and polyphenols. In this study, the polyphenol profiles of thirteen Pleurotus ostreatus cultivars were established by the UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS technique. The results showed that 4-hydroxibenzoic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and vanillic acid were the most abundant polyphenolic components in the samples. In addition, the Fourier-transformed near infrared (FT-NIR) spectra of the samples were recorded and evaluated. The correlation between the differences in NIR spectra and the differences in polyphenol patterns of the samples was investigated. The polyphenol results were subjected to several statistical evaluations (Kruskal–Wallis test, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Spearman correlation analysis, cluster analysis) to detect possible differences between the samples. Relationships between the polyphenol profile and antioxidant capacity (FRAP), total polyphenol content (TPC), free amino acid content (fAA) and the values of each polyphenol component were examined. Based on the results, an effort was made to group the varieties according to the attributes tested. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Chemosensors: Miniaturized Analytical Devices for Chemical and Biological Sensing)

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11 pages, 2476 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Impedance In Vitro Assessment for the Detection of Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Intestinal Human Cancer Cells

by Sofia Marka, Maria-Eleftheria Zografaki, George-Marios Papaioannou, Sofia Mavrikou, Emmanouil Flemetakis and Spyridon Kintzios

Chemosensors 2023, 11(10), 534; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100534 - 10 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1291

Abstract

A significant number of research papers regarding biosensor-related assays for key food safety pathogens based on the use of mammalian cells has been reported. In this study, the Salmonella typhimurium infection progression was monitored in the human colon cancer cell line Caco-2 and the mucus-secreting HT29-MTX-E12, after treatment with five different bacterial MOI for 30 min by comparing the alterations of frequencies recordings with impedance spectroscopy measurements. For this purpose, bacterial adhesion and invasion assays were initially performed. Then, the data obtained from impedance spectroscopy recordings were compared to cell viability data derived from the MTT uptake cell proliferation assay as well as from live cell analysis assays of mitochondrial membrane potential alterations. From our findings a concentration-dependent increase in bacterial colonies occurring from invaded cells was observed upon a higher multiplicity of infection (MOI) bacterial infection at both cell lines. On the contrary, the bacteria infection did not have any impact on the viability of the cells after 1 h of treatment. Differential results were obtained from the measurement of mitochondrial potential at both cell lines. Finally, the impedance values recorded from the 2D, and 3D cultures were concentration-dependent for both cell lines whereas a characteristic pattern specific to each cell line was revealed. Our results indicate that human cell-based bio-electric assays can be a valuable tool for obtaining a unique fingerprint for each bacterial infection in the near future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Chemosensors: Miniaturized Analytical Devices for Chemical and Biological Sensing)

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20 pages, 7102 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fusion Recalibration Method for Addressing Multiplicative and Additive Effects and Peak Shifts in Analytical Chemistry

by Dapeng Jiang, Yizhuo Zhang, Yilin Ge and Keqi Wang

Chemosensors 2023, 11(9), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11090472 - 23 Aug 2023

Viewed by 895

Abstract

Analytical chemistry relies on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of multivariate data obtained from various measurement techniques. However, artifacts such as missing data, noise, multiplicative and additive effects, and peak shifts can adversely affect the accuracy of chemical measurements. To ensure the validity and accuracy of results, it is crucial to preprocess the data and correct for these artifacts. This paper proposes a fusion recalibration algorithm, called Spectral Offset Recalibration (SOR), that combines the Extended Multiplicative Signal Correction (EMSC) and Correlation-Optimized Warping (COW) algorithms to address both multiplicative and additive effects and peak shifts. The algorithm incorporates prior spectroscopic knowledge to down-weight or disregard spectral regions with strong absorption or significant distortion caused by peak alignment algorithms. Experimental validation on wood NIR datasets and simulated datasets demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. The fusion recalibration approach offers a comprehensive solution for accurate analyses and predictions in analytical chemistry by mitigating the impact of artifacts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Chemosensors: Miniaturized Analytical Devices for Chemical and Biological Sensing)

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29 pages, 16817 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of E-Senses Performance through Machine Learning Models for Colombian Herbal Teas Classification

by Jeniffer Katerine Carrillo, Cristhian Manuel Durán, Juan Martin Cáceres, Carlos Alberto Cuastumal, Jordana Ferreira, José Ramos, Brian Bahder, Martin Oates and Antonio Ruiz

Chemosensors 2023, 11(7), 354; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11070354 - 21 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1398

Abstract

This paper describes different E-Senses systems, such as Electronic Nose, Electronic Tongue, and Electronic Eyes, which were used to build several machine learning models and assess their performance in classifying a variety of Colombian herbal tea brands such as Albahaca, Frutos Verdes, Jaibel, Toronjil, and Toute. To do this, a set of Colombian herbal tea samples were previously acquired from the instruments and processed through multivariate data analysis techniques (principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis) to feed the support vector machine, K-nearest neighbors, decision trees, naive Bayes, and random forests algorithms. The results of the E-Senses were validated using HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis. The best machine learning models from the different classification methods reached a 100% success rate in classifying the samples. The proposal of this study was to enhance the classification of Colombian herbal teas using three sensory perception systems. This was achieved by consolidating the data obtained from the collected samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Chemosensors: Miniaturized Analytical Devices for Chemical and Biological Sensing)

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12 pages, 3974 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Novel Robust Internal Calibration Procedure for Precise FT-IR Measurements of Nitrogen Impurities in Diamonds

by Roman Khmelnitsky, Oleg Kovalchuk, Alexey Gorevoy, Pavel Danilov, Daniil Pomazkin and Sergey Kudryashov

Chemosensors 2023, 11(6), 313; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11060313 - 23 May 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1026

Abstract

FT-IR spectroscopy is the basic finger-print method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of nitrogen, boron, and hydrogen impurities in natural and synthetic diamonds. In quantitative measurements of impurity concentrations, external standard samples are required for the calibration procedure during the analysis. In this study, the double-phonon mid-IR absorption coefficient of optical phonons of the diamond host matrix, the robust internal mid-IR absorption standard, was accurately measured for tens of diverse diamond samples, thus enabling precise calibrated measurements of ultra-low detectable impurity concentrations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Chemosensors: Miniaturized Analytical Devices for Chemical and Biological Sensing)

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17 pages, 6425 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Advances in a Microwave Sensor-Type Interdigital Capacitor with a Hexagonal Complementary Split-Ring Resonator for Glucose Level Measurement

by Supakorn Harnsoongnoen and Benjaporn Buranrat

Chemosensors 2023, 11(4), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11040257 - 20 Apr 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1842

Abstract

This study involved the creation and assessment of a microwave sensor to measure glucose levels in aqueous solutions without invasiveness. The sensor design utilized a planar interdigital capacitor (IDC) loaded with a hexagonal complementary split-ring resonator (HCSRR). The HCSRR was chosen for its ability to generate a highly intense electric field that is capable of detecting variations in the dielectric characteristics of the specimen. A chamber tube was used to fill glucose solutions at the sensor’s sensitive area, and changes in the device’s resonance frequency (F_r) and reflection coefficient (S₁₁) were used to measure glucose levels. Fitting formulas were developed to analyze the data, and laboratory tests showed that the sensor could accurately measure glucose levels within a range of 0–150 mg/dL. At a concentration of 37.5 mg/dL, the sensitivity based on S₁₁ and F_r reached maximum values of 10.023 dB per mg/dL and 1.73 MHz per mg/dL, respectively. This implies that the sensor put forward has the possibility of being utilized in medical settings for the monitoring of glucose levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Chemosensors: Miniaturized Analytical Devices for Chemical and Biological Sensing)

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16 pages, 3437 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficient Monitoring of Microbial Communities and Chemical Characteristics in Incineration Leachate with Electronic Nose and Data Mining Techniques

by Zhongyuan Zhang, Qiaomei Zhou, Shanshan Qiu, Jie Zhou and Jingang Huang

Chemosensors 2023, 11(4), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11040229 - 07 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1512

Abstract

Incineration leachate is a hazardous liquid waste that requires careful management due to its high levels of organic and inorganic pollutants, and it can have serious environmental and health implications if not properly treated and monitored. This study applied a novel electronic nose to monitor the microbial communities and chemical characteristics of incineration leachate. The e-nose data were aggregated using principal component analysis (PCA) and T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (TSNE). Random forest (RF) and gradient-boosted decision tree (GBDT) algorithms were employed to establish relationships between the e-nose signals and the chemical characteristics (such as pH, chemical oxygen demand, and ammonia nitrogen) and microbial communities (including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes) of the incineration leachate. The PCA-GBDT models performed well in recognizing leachate samples, achieving 100% accuracy for the training set and 98.92% accuracy for the testing data without overfitting. The GBDT models based on the original data performed exceptionally well in predicting changes in chemical parameters, with R² values exceeding 0.99 for the training set and 0.86 for the testing set. The PCA-GBDT models also demonstrated superior performance in predicting microbial community composition, achieving R² values above 0.99 and MSE values below 0.0003 for the training set and R² values exceeding 0.86 and MSE values below 0.015 for the testing set. This research provides an efficient monitoring method for the effective enforcement and implementation of monitoring programs by utilizing e-noses combined with data mining to provide more valuable insights compared with traditional instrumental measurements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Chemosensors: Miniaturized Analytical Devices for Chemical and Biological Sensing)

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Review

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20 pages, 1923 KiB

Open AccessReview

Methods and Analysis of Biological Contaminants in the Biomanufacturing Industry

by Mohammad Janghorban, Sara Kazemi, Rigel Tormon, Philippa Ngaju and Richa Pandey

Chemosensors 2023, 11(5), 298; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11050298 - 18 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3597

Abstract

The advent of bioprocessing has revolutionized the biomanufacturing industry, leading to the rise of biotherapeutics derived from biologic products such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells used for targeted cancer treatment and the Vero cell line for the production of viral vectors and vaccines. Despite these promising developments, most biologic products are characterized by fragile macromolecular structures that are heterogenous with a purity profile that varies with each batch making them susceptible to microorganism contamination. Regulatory oversight of biologic products is imperative to ensure adherence to good manufacturing practices and compliance with quality management systems. Current quality assurance protocols during production include monoclonality during cell line development, real-time monitoring of process parameters, flow cytometry for microbial monitoring, polymerase chain reaction, and immunoassay techniques to amplify DNA sequences related to bacterial or biological contaminants. FDA guidance recommends the implementation of process analytical technology within biomanufacturing production to measure critical quality parameters, which includes screening for potential biological contamination. Future advancements in bioprocess monitoring and control should capitalize on providing cheap, real-time, and sensitive detection. Biosensors, mass spectrometry, and polymerase chain reaction present robust, rapid, and real-time capabilities for multiplexed detection of contaminant analytes and have shown promise in meeting these needs. This review discusses the main biological contaminants of bioprocesses, European Union and FDA regulatory guidelines for monitoring and control within biologics production, existing methods and their limitations, and future advancements for biological contamination detection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Chemosensors: Miniaturized Analytical Devices for Chemical and Biological Sensing)

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29 pages, 8055 KiB

Open AccessReview

Handheld Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: State-of-the-Art Instrumentation and Applications in Material Identification, Food Authentication, and Environmental Investigations

by Hui Yan, Marina De Gea Neves, Isao Noda, Gonçalo M. Guedes, António C. Silva Ferreira, Frank Pfeifer, Xinyu Chen and Heinz W. Siesler

Chemosensors 2023, 11(5), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11050272 - 02 May 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3627

Abstract

This present review article considers the rapid development of miniaturized handheld near-infrared spectrometers over the last decade and provides an overview of current instrumental developments and exemplary applications in the fields of material and food control as well as environmentally relevant investigations. Care is taken, however, not to fall into the exaggerated and sometimes unrealistic narrative of some direct-to-consumer companies, which has raised unrealistic expectations with full-bodied promises but has harmed the very valuable technology of NIR spectroscopy, rather than promoting its further development. Special attention will also be paid to possible applications that will allow a clientele that is not necessarily scientifically trained to solve quality control and authentication problems with this technology in everyday life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Chemosensors: Miniaturized Analytical Devices for Chemical and Biological Sensing)

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26 pages, 4956 KiB

Open AccessReview

Microfluidic Platforms for Single Cell Analysis: Applications in Cellular Manipulation and Optical Biosensing

by Shrishti Kumari, Udiptya Saha, Mayilvahanan Bose, Divagar Murugan, Vivek Pachauri, V. V. Raghavendra Sai and Narayanan Madaboosi

Chemosensors 2023, 11(2), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11020107 - 02 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3481

Abstract

Cellular heterogeneity of any tissue or organ makes it challenging to identify and study the impact and the treatment of any disease. In this context, analysis of cells at an individual level becomes highly relevant for throwing light on the heterogeneous nature of cells. Single cell analysis can be used to gain insights into an overall view of any disease, thereby holding great applications in health diagnosis, disease identification, drug screening, and targeted delivery. Various conventional methods, such as flow cytometry, are used to isolate and study single cells. Still, these methods are narrower in scope due to certain limitations, including the associated processing/run times, the economy of reagents, and sample preparation. Microfluidics, an emerging technology, overcomes such limitations and is now being widely applied to develop tools for the isolation, analysis, and parallel manipulation of single cells. This review systematically compiles various microfluidic tools and techniques involved in single cell investigation. The review begins by highlighting the applications of microfluidics in single cell sorting and manipulation, followed by emphasizing microfluidic platforms for single cell analysis, with a specific focus on optical sensing-based detection in a high-throughput fashion, and ends with applications in cancer cell studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Chemosensors: Miniaturized Analytical Devices for Chemical and Biological Sensing)

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17 pages, 5416 KiB

Open AccessReview

Optical Technologies for Single-Cell Analysis on Microchips

by Xiaowen Ou, Peng Chen and Bi-Feng Liu

Chemosensors 2023, 11(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11010040 - 03 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2202

Abstract

Cell analysis at the single-cell level is of great importance to investigate the inherent heterogeneity of cell populations and to understand the morphology, composition, and function of individual cells. With the continuous innovation of analytical techniques and methods, single-cell analysis on microfluidic chip systems has been extensively applied for its precise single-cell manipulation and sensitive signal response integrated with various detection techniques, such as optical, electrical, and mass spectrometric analyses. In this review, we focus on the specific optical events in single-cell analysis on a microfluidic chip system. First, the four most commonly applied optical technologies, i.e., fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and interferometry, are briefly introduced. Then, we focus on the recent applications of the abovementioned optical technologies integrated with a microfluidic chip system for single-cell analysis. Finally, future directions of optical technologies for single-cell analysis on microfluidic chip systems are predicted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Chemosensors: Miniaturized Analytical Devices for Chemical and Biological Sensing)

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