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A special issue of Ceramics (ISSN 2571-6131).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 25789

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Dr. Georgiy Shakhgildyan

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Guest Editor

Department of Glass and Glass-Ceramics, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 9 Miusskaya Sq., 125047 Moscow, Russia
Interests: glasses; glass-ceramics; chemistry of glass; crystallization of glass
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Michael I. Ojovan

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Guest Editor

Department of Radiochemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, Bld. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Interests: glasses; glass crystalline materials; vitrification; nuclear waste
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Glass-based materials are applied in all areas of human life. Glass plays a fundamental role in advanced research and has been known to mankind for more than 5000 years, while still remaining one of the most important materials for cutting-edge applications and an object for crucial research in materials science, chemistry and physics. New glass compositions and processing methods are produced every year, creating new materials for the development of vital and sustainable technologies.

Following this important role of glass, it is our pleasure to invite you to contribute to the Special Issue “Advanced Glasses and Glass-Ceramics”, which aims to provide an unparalleled opportunity to highlight the diverse directions of glass science and technology and to discuss emerging applications of glass nurturing the sustainable development of humankind.

The Special Issue is dedicated to glass and glass-based materials, its advanced research on structure and properties, and its innovative applications in perspective areas such as optics, photonics, medicine and others. We welcome original research articles and reviews that focus on the following themes:

Structure-property relations in glass and disordered materials
Optical properties of vitreous, ceramic, and glass-ceramic materials
Crystallization, glass-ceramics and glasses with nanocrystals
Machine learning, computer simulation and predictive modeling in glasses
Laser micromachining and new processing techniques of glasses
Glass-based materials for emerging applications

Dr. Georgiy Shakhgildyan
Prof. Dr. Michael I. Ojovan
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Ceramics is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

glasses
glass-ceramics
amorphous solids
crystallization of glass
glass-based materials
vitrification
production of glass
direct laser writing

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Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2500 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tuning the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Transparent Lithium Aluminosilicate Glass-Ceramics by a Two-Stage Heat Treatment

by Andrey S. Naumov, Georgiy Yu. Shakhgildyan, Nikita V. Golubev, Alexey S. Lipatiev, Sergey S. Fedotov, Roman O. Alekseev, Elena S. Ingat’eva, Vitaliy I. Savinkov and Vladimir N. Sigaev

Ceramics 2024, 7(1), 1-14; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics7010001 - 22 Dec 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3025

Abstract

Transparent glass-ceramics with a Li₂O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ (LAS) system have been extensively utilized in optical systems in which thermal stability is of utmost importance. This study is aimed to develop thermal treatment routes that can effectively control the structure of transparent LAS glass-ceramics and tune its thermal expansion coefficient within a wide range for novel applications in photonics and integrated optics. The optimal conditions for the nucleation and crystallization of LAS glass were determined by means of differential scanning calorimetry and a polythermal analysis. XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and TEM microscopy were employed to examine the structural changes which occurred after heat treatments. It was found that the second stage of heat treatment promotes the formation of β-eucryptite-like solid solution nanocrystals, which enables effective control of the coefficient of thermal expansion of glass-ceramics in a wide temperature range of −120 to 500 °C. This work provides novel insights into structural rearrangement scenarios occurring in LAS glass, which are crucial for accurately predicting its crystallization behavior and ultimately achieving transparent glass-ceramics with desirable properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Glasses and Glass-Ceramics)

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11 pages, 1370 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Alkali Metal Ions on the Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of Sm³⁺-Doped Silicate Glasses

by Israel R. Montoya Matos

Ceramics 2023, 6(3), 1788-1798; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030109 - 21 Aug 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2138

Abstract

In the present work, the influence of alkali ions (Li, Na, K) on the structural and spectroscopic properties of silica glasses doped with Sm³⁺ was investigated. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to investigate the structural properties of the alkali silicate glasses. The optical absorption showed bands characteristic of Sm³⁺ ions in alkali silicate glasses, and this was investigated. The Judd–Ofelt theory was applied to evaluate the phenomenological intensity parameters (Ω₂, Ω₄, and Ω₆) of the optical absorption measurements. The multi-channel visible and near infrared emission transitions originating from the ⁴G_5/2-emitting state of the Sm³⁺ in alkali silicate glasses with a maximum phonon energy of ~1050 cm⁻¹ were investigated. From the evaluated Judd–Ofelt parameters, radiative parameters such as spontaneous emission probabilities, radiative lifetimes, branching ratios, and stimulated emission cross-sections were calculated. The recorded luminescence spectra regions revealed intense green, orange, red, and near-infrared emission bands, providing new traces for developing tunable laser and optoelectronic devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Glasses and Glass-Ceramics)

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9 pages, 1843 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Water-Glass-Assisted Foaming in Foamed Glass Production

by Sonja Smiljanić, Uroš Hribar, Matjaž Spreitzer and Jakob König

Ceramics 2023, 6(3), 1646-1654; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030101 - 2 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1991

Abstract

The energy efficiency of buildings can be greatly improved by decreasing the energy embodied in installed materials. In this contribution, we investigated the possibility of foaming waste bottle glass in the air atmosphere with the addition of water glass, which would reduce the energy used in the production of foamed glass boards. The results show that with the increased addition of water glass, the crystallinity and the thermal conductivity decrease, however, the remaining crystal content prevents the formation of closed-porous foams. The added water glass only partly protects the carbon from premature oxidation, and the foaming mechanism in the air is different than in the argon atmosphere. The lowest obtained foam density in the air atmosphere is 123 kg m⁻³, while the lowest thermal conductivity is 53 mW m⁻¹ K⁻¹, with an open porosity of 50% for the sample obtained in the air, containing 12 wt% of water glass, 2 wt% of B₂O₃, 2 wt% AlPO₄ and 2 wt% K₃PO₄. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Glasses and Glass-Ceramics)

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14 pages, 6764 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bismuth-Germanate Glasses: Synthesis, Structure, Luminescence, and Crystallization

by Ksenia Serkina, Irina Stepanova, Aleksandr Pynenkov, Maria Uslamina, Konstantin Nishchev, Kirill Boldyrev, Roman Avetisov and Igor Avetissov

Ceramics 2023, 6(3), 1559-1572; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030097 - 13 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2500

Abstract

Bismuth-germanate glasses, which are well known as a promising active medium for broadband near-infrared spectral range fiber lasers and as an initial matrix for nonlinear optical glass ceramics, have been synthesized in a 5–50 mol% Bi₂O₃ wide concentration range. Their structural and physical characteristics were studied by Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, optical, and luminescence methods. It has been found that the main structural units of glasses are [BiO₆] and [GeO₄]. The growth in bismuth oxide content resulted in an increase in density and refractive index. The spectral and luminescent properties of glasses strongly depended on the amount of bismuth active centers. The maximum intensity of IR luminescence has been achieved for the 5Bi₂O₃-95GeO₂ sample. The heat treatment of glasses resulted in the formation of several crystalline phases, the structure and amount of which depended on the initial glass composition. The main phases were non-linear Bi₂GeO₅ and scintillating Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂. Comparing with the previous papers dealing with bismuth and germanium oxide-based glasses, we enlarge the range of Bi₂O₃ concentration up to 50 mol% and decrease the synthesis temperature from 1300 to 1100 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Glasses and Glass-Ceramics)

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13 pages, 31560 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Formation and Photophysical Properties of Silver Clusters in Bulk of Photo-Thermo-Refractive Glass

by Leonid Yu. Mironov, Dmitriy V. Marasanov, Mariia D. Sannikova, Ksenia S. Zyryanova, Artem A. Slobozhaninov and Ilya E. Kolesnikov

Ceramics 2023, 6(3), 1546-1558; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030096 - 13 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1735

Abstract

The bright luminescence of silver clusters in glass have potential applications in solid-state lighting, optical memory, and spectral converters. In this work, luminescent silver clusters were formed in the bulk of photo-thermo-refractive glass (15Na₂O-5ZnO-2.9Al₂O₃-70.3SiO₂-6.5F, mol.%) doped with different Ag₂O concentrations from 0.01 to 0.05 mol.%. The spontaneous formation of plasmonic nanoparticles during glass synthesis was observed at 0.05 mol.% of Ag₂O in the glass composition, limiting the silver concentration range for cluster formation. The luminescence of silver clusters was characterized by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy techniques. The rate constants of fluorescence, phosphorescence, intersystem crossing, and nonradiative deactivation were estimated on the basis of an experimental study. A comparison of the results obtained for the photophysical properties of luminescent silver clusters formed in the ion-exchanged layers of photo-thermo-refractive glass is provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Glasses and Glass-Ceramics)

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9 pages, 1446 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study of PbF₂ Nanoparticles Crystallization Mechanism in Mixed Oxyde-Fluoride Glasses

by Saule Dyussembekova, Ekaterina Trusova, Sergey Kichanov, Kiril Podbolotov and Denis Kozlenko

Ceramics 2023, 6(3), 1508-1516; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030093 - 11 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1403

Abstract

Samples of nanocrystalline PbF₂ glass ceramics were obtained by heat-treating SiO₂–GeO₂–PbO–PbF₂–CdF₂ glasses. The Ho₂O₃ and Tm₂O₃ doping effects on the structural features of PbF₂ nanoparticles were studied using small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction methods. The enlargements of the average sizes of nanoparticles and the sizes of local areas of density fluctuations have been found to be correlated with an increase in concentrations of Ho₂O₃ and Tm₂O₃ in initial glasses. A variation in the concentrations of Ho₂O₃ and Tm₂O₃ does not affect the morphology and fractal dimension of the formed PbF₂ nanoparticles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Glasses and Glass-Ceramics)

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18 pages, 4448 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phase Transformations upon Formation of Transparent Lithium Alumosilicate Glass-Ceramics Nucleated by Yttrium Niobates

by Olga Dymshits, Anastasia Bachina, Irina Alekseeva, Valery Golubkov, Marina Tsenter, Svetlana Zapalova, Kirill Bogdanov, Dmitry Danilovich and Alexander Zhilin

Ceramics 2023, 6(3), 1490-1507; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030092 - 6 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1734

Abstract

Phase transformations in the lithium aluminosilicate glass nucleated by a mixture of yttrium and niobium oxides and doped with cobalt ions were studied for the development of multifunctional transparent glass-ceramics. Initial glass and glass-ceramics obtained by isothermal heat-treatments at 700–900 °C contain YNbO₄ nanocrystals with the distorted tetragonal structure. In samples heated at 1000 °C and above, the monoclinic features are observed. High-temperature X-ray diffraction technique clarifies the mechanism of the monoclinic yttrium orthoniobate formation, which occurs not upon high-temperature heat-treatments above 900 °C but at cooling the glass-ceramics after such heat-treatments, when YNbO₄ nanocrystals with tetragonal structure undergo the second-order transformation at ~550 °C. Lithium aluminosilicate solid solutions (ss) with β-quartz structure are the main crystalline phase of glass-ceramics prepared in the temperature range of 800–1000 °C. These structural transformations are confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and illustrated by SEM study. The absorption spectrum of the material changes only with crystallization of the β-quartz ss due to entering the Co²⁺ ions into this phase mainly in octahedral coordination, substituting for Li⁺ ions. At the crystallization temperature of 1000 °C, the Co²⁺ coordination in the β-quartz solid solutions changes to tetrahedral one. Transparent glass-ceramics have a thermal expansion coefficient of about 10 × 10⁻⁷ K⁻¹. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Glasses and Glass-Ceramics)

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12 pages, 8304 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of a Phosphorus Additive on Luminescent and Scintillation Properties of Ceramics GYAGG:Ce

by Lydia V. Ermakova, Valentina G. Smyslova, Valery V. Dubov, Daria E. Kuznetsova, Maria S. Malozovskaya, Rasim R. Saifutyarov, Petr V. Karpyuk, Petr S. Sokolov, Ilia Yu. Komendo, Aliaksei G. Bondarau, Vitaly A. Mechinsky and Mikhail V. Korzhik

Ceramics 2023, 6(3), 1478-1489; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030091 - 6 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1813

Abstract

The production of scintillating ceramics can require the utilization of the phosphorus compounds at certain stages of 3D-printing, such as vat polymerization, applied for the formation of green bodies before sintering. The effect of phosphorus additive on the microstructure, optical, and scintillation parameters of Gd₁.₄₉₄Y₁.₄₉₄ Ce₀.₀₁₂Al₂Ga₃O₁₂ (GYAGG:Ce) ceramics obtained by pressureless sintering at 1650 °C in an oxygen atmosphere was investigated for the first time. Phosphorus was introduced in the form of NH₄H₂PO₄ into the initial hydroxycarbonate precipitate in a wide concentration range (from 0 to 0.6 wt.%). With increasing of phosphorus concentration, the density and the optical transmittance of garnet ceramics show a decrease, which is caused by an increase in the number of pores and inclusions. The light yield of fast scintillation, which is caused by Ce³⁺ ions, was found to be affected by the phosphorus additive as well. Moreover, an increase in phosphorescence intensity was recognized. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Glasses and Glass-Ceramics)

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17 pages, 6420 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Glasses in the PbCl₂–PbO–B₂O₃ System: Structure and Optical Properties

by Dmitry Butenkov, Anna Bakaeva, Kristina Runina, Igor Krol, Maria Uslamina, Aleksandr Pynenkov, Olga Petrova and Igor Avetissov

Ceramics 2023, 6(3), 1348-1364; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030083 - 27 Jun 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1608

Abstract

New oxychloride lead borate glasses in the xPbCl₂–(50-0.5x)PbO–(50-0.5x)B₂O₃ system were synthesized with a maximum lead chloride content of 40 mol%. The characteristic temperatures and mechanical and optical properties were studied. The incorporation of lead chloride led to a significant expansion of the transparency range in the UV (up to 355 nm) and IR regions (up to 4710 nm). Decreases in the Vickers hardness, density, and glass transition temperature were the consequences of a change in the structure. The studied glasses are promising materials for photonics and IR optics. The structure of the PbCl₂–PbO–B₂O₃ system was analyzed in detail using vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Glasses and Glass-Ceramics)

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16 pages, 7427 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Barium Silicate Glasses and Glass–Ceramic Seals for YSZ-Based Electrochemical Devices

by Alyona Vepreva, Dmitry Dubovtsev, Daria Krainova, Yulia Chetvertnykh, Semyon Belyakov, Nailya Saetova and Anton Kuzmin

Ceramics 2023, 6(3), 1314-1329; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030081 - 22 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1866

Abstract

The effect of partial SiO₂ substitution with Al₂O₃ and B₂O₃ on the thermal properties and crystallization of glass sealants in the (50 − x)SiO₂–30BaO–20MgO–xAl₂O₃(B₂O₃ [...] Read more.

The effect of partial SiO₂ substitution with Al₂O₃ and B₂O₃ on the thermal properties and crystallization of glass sealants in the (50 − x)SiO₂–30BaO–20MgO–xAl₂O₃(B₂O₃) (wt %) system is studied. It is established that the coefficient of thermal expansion of all obtained glasses lies within a range of 8.2–9.9 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹. Alumina-doped glasses crystallize after quenching, while samples containing boron oxide are completely amorphous. Magnesium silicates are formed in all glasses after exposure at 1000 °C for 125 h. After 500 h of exposure, a noticeable diffusion of zirconium ions is observed from the YSZ electrolyte to the glass sealant volume, resulting in the formation of the BaZrSi₃O₉ compound. The crystallization and products of interaction between YSZ ceramics and boron-containing sealants have no significant effects on the adhesion and properties of glass sealants, which makes them promising for applications in electrochemical devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Glasses and Glass-Ceramics)

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11 pages, 5772 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Infrared and Terahertz Spectra of Sn-Doped Vanadium Dioxide Films

by Alexander Grebenchukov, Olga Boytsova, Alexey Shakhmin, Artem Tatarenko, Olga Makarevich, Ilya Roslyakov, Grigory Kropotov and Mikhail Khodzitsky

Ceramics 2023, 6(2), 1291-1301; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6020079 - 15 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1746

Abstract

This work reports the effect of tin (Sn) doping on the infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) properties of vanadium dioxide (VO

_{2}

) films. The films were grown by hydrothermal synthesis with a post-annealing process and then fully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), [...] Read more.

This work reports the effect of tin (Sn) doping on the infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) properties of vanadium dioxide (VO

_{2}

) films. The films were grown by hydrothermal synthesis with a post-annealing process and then fully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and temperature-controlled electrical resistivity as well as IR and THz spectroscopy techniques. Utilizing (NH

_{4}

)

_{2}

SnF

_{6}

as a Sn precursor allows the preparation of homogeneous Sn-doped VO

_{2}

films. Doping of VO

_{2}

films with Sn led to an increase in the thermal hysteresis width while conserving the high modulation depth in the mid-IR regime, which would be beneficial for the applications of VO

_{2}

films in IR memory devices. A further analysis shows that Sn doping of VO

_{2}

films significantly affects the temperature-dependent THz optical properties, in particular leading to the suppression of the temperature-driven THz transmission modulation. These results indicate Sn-doped VO

_{2}

films as a promising material for the development of switchable IR/THz dichroic components. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Glasses and Glass-Ceramics)

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12 pages, 2022 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Uranium Retention in Silica-Rich Natural Glasses: Nuclear Waste Disposal Aspect

by Valeri V. Poluektov, Vladislav A. Petrov, Michael I. Ojovan and Sergey V. Yudintsev

Ceramics 2023, 6(2), 1152-1163; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6020069 - 18 May 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2288

Abstract

Uranium-containing glass samples with an age of 140–145 million years were collected within the volcanic rocks of the largest volcanic-related uranium ore deposit in the world. Main features of their composition are high concentrations of silica and uranium, the largest for the rocks of this type. In contrast to this, the ages of fresh (unaltered) low-silica natural glasses of a basic composition (basalts) usually do not exceed a few million years. The volcanic low-silica glass is unstable at longer times and in older ancient rocks is transformed into a crystalline mass. The geochemistry of uranium including the behavior in solids and solutions is similar to that of long-lived transuranic actinides such as radioactive Np and Pu from high-level radioactive waste. This allows uranium to be used as a simulant of these long-lived hazardous radionuclides both at the synthesis and for the study of various nuclear wasteforms: glasses, glass crystalline materials and crystalline ceramics. The data obtained on long-term behavior of natural glasses are of importance for prognosis and validation of stability of nuclear wasteforms disposed of in geological disposal facilities (GDF). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Glasses and Glass-Ceramics)

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