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Ceramics
Volume 8
Issue 4
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Ceramics, Volume 8, Issue 4 (December 2025) – 3 articles

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13 pages, 8153 KB  
Article
An Investigation of the Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Clad 316 Stainless Steel/TiC Coatings Containing Different LaB6 Contents
by Dongdong Zhang, Haozhe Li, Yu Liu, Jingyu Jiang and Yali Gao
Ceramics 2025, 8(4), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8040121 - 26 Sep 2025
Abstract
In this paper, 316 stainless steel/TiC coatings with different LaB6 contents (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%) were prepared on the surface of 45 steel by laser cladding technology. The effects of the LaB6 content on the phase composition, microstructure, microhardness, and wear [...] Read more.
In this paper, 316 stainless steel/TiC coatings with different LaB6 contents (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%) were prepared on the surface of 45 steel by laser cladding technology. The effects of the LaB6 content on the phase composition, microstructure, microhardness, and wear resistance of the coatings were studied. The results show that without the LaB6 addition, the coating is composed of Austenite and TiC phases, with defects such as pores and cracks, and the microstructure is mainly equiaxed grains. With the addition of LaB6, Fe-Cr phases are formed in the coating, and the microstructure transforms into columnar grains and dendritic grains. The grains are first refined and then coarsened, among which the coating with 4% LaB6 (C4) has the smallest grain size. The experimental results indicate that the microhardness of the coatings first increases and then decreases with the increase in the LaB6 content, and the C4 coating has the highest microhardness (594HV0.2). The wear rate shows the same variation trend. The C4 coating has the lowest wear rate and the best wear resistance. This is attributed to the synergistic effect of the fine grain strengthening and TiC particle dispersion strengthening. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ceramics, 3rd Edition)
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11 pages, 16326 KB  
Article
Changes in Morphology Caused by Mass Transfer Phenomenon
by Toshihiro Ishikawa
Ceramics 2025, 8(4), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8040120 - 24 Sep 2025
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Abstract
The mass transfer phenomenon of contained impurities causes differences in the morphologies, densification processes, and heat resistance of ceramics. Of these, in this paper, differences in the heat resistance of ceramic fibers are discussed. Third-generation SiC polycrystalline fibers demonstrated excellent heat resistance. However, [...] Read more.
The mass transfer phenomenon of contained impurities causes differences in the morphologies, densification processes, and heat resistance of ceramics. Of these, in this paper, differences in the heat resistance of ceramic fibers are discussed. Third-generation SiC polycrystalline fibers demonstrated excellent heat resistance. However, at temperatures above 1800 °C, sintered fiber (Tyranno SA) and non-sintered fiber (Hi-Nicalon Type S) showed remarkable differences in heat resistance. At temperatures above 1800 °C, the non-sintered fiber underwent structural changes, including the formation of a surface carbon layer and abnormal SiC grain growth, whereas the sintered fiber maintained its stable polycrystalline structure. Until now, these differences and a detailed description of them have not been discussed. Here, we first explain the dramatic differences in heat resistance that occurred at high temperatures in relation to the mass transfer of excess carbon. Our findings should be widely used for the development of much more stable structures and for the long-term use of materials at higher temperatures in applications such as airplane engines and turbines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ceramics, 3rd Edition)
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52 pages, 7168 KB  
Review
Binary Oxide Ceramics (TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, CeO2, Fe2O3, and WO3) for Solar Cell Applications: A Comparative and Bibliometric Analysis
by Yana Suchikova, Serhii Nazarovets, Marina Konuhova and Anatoli I. Popov
Ceramics 2025, 8(4), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics8040119 - 23 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Binary oxide ceramics have emerged as key materials in solar energy research due to their versatility, chemical stability, and tunable electronic properties. This study presents a comparative analysis of seven prominent oxides (TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2 [...] Read more.
Binary oxide ceramics have emerged as key materials in solar energy research due to their versatility, chemical stability, and tunable electronic properties. This study presents a comparative analysis of seven prominent oxides (TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, CeO2, Fe2O3, and WO3), focusing on their functional roles in silicon, perovskite, dye-sensitized, and thin-film solar cells. A bibliometric analysis covering over 50,000 publications highlights TiO2 and ZnO as the most widely studied materials, serving as electron transport layers, antireflective coatings, and buffer layers. Al2O3 and SiO2 demonstrate highly specialized applications in surface passivation and interface engineering, while CeO2 offers UV-blocking capability and Fe2O3 shows potential as an absorber material in photoelectrochemical systems. WO3 is noted for its multifunctionality and suitability for scalable, high-rate processing. Together, these findings suggest that binary oxide ceramics are poised to transition from supporting roles to essential components of stable, efficient, and environmentally safer next-generation solar cells. Full article
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