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Regulatory Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Stem/Progenitor Cells in Physiological and Pathological Conditions - Series 2

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A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Stem Cells".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2022) | Viewed by 12988

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yuko Miyagoe-Suzuki

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Guest Editor

Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-higashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
Interests: satellite cells; skeletal muscle; regeneration; myogenesis; Duchene muscular dystrophy; cell therapy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Skeletal muscle stem/progenitor cells play essential roles in myogenesis, muscle repair, and homeostasis. In this Special Issue, we are collecting cutting-edge studies revealing the mechanisms by which the activation, proliferation, differentiation, self-renewal, and maintenance of muscle stem/progenitor cells are regulated in physiological and pathological conditions. It is especially fascinating to clarify the interaction between myogenic cells and their microenvironments. For example, non-myogenic cells, such as fibro-adipogenic precursors (FAPs) or inflammatory and immune cells, are usually indispensable for prompt muscle regeneration, but often aggravate diseases by promoting tissue damage, fibrosis, and adipocyte infiltration in pathological conditions. The factors that switch their phenotypes are still unclear. Genome-editing, direct reprogramming, and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are also fascinating research fields that provide new therapeutic strategies for the cell-based treatment of muscle diseases. In this Special Issue, we hope to provide a place to exchange information, overview the field, and discuss future directions of research on muscle stem/progenitor cells.

Dr. Yuko Miyagoe-Suzuki
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

skeletal muscle
myogenesis
regeneration
cell therapy
muscular dystrophy
satellite cells
muscle stem cells
muscle progenitors
sarcopenia
atrophy
hypertrophy
aging

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1122 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Efficient Isolation of Lymphocytes and Myogenic Cells from the Tissue of Muscle Regeneration

by Yasuo Kitajima, Ryoka Tsukahara, Shohei Nakamoto and Tomoharu Yasuda

Cells 2022, 11(11), 1754; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11111754 - 26 May 2022

Viewed by 2899

Abstract

Isolation of both lymphocytes and myogenic cells from muscle tissue is required for elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of muscle regeneration. Here, we aimed to establish an optimal method obtaining a high yield of lymphocytes during muscle regeneration. After the muscle injury, we observed higher infiltration of lymphocytic cells in the muscle on day 3 after injury. Then, we compared two different white blood cell isolation methods, the Percoll gradient and CD45-magnetic bead methods, to assess the percentage and number of T and B cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the CD45-magnetic bead method has a better efficiency in isolating CD4⁺, CD8⁺ T cells, and B cells from injured muscle tissues of wild-type and mdx mice than that by the Percoll gradient method. Moreover, we found that the CD45-negative fraction from wild-type and mdx mice includes myogenic cells. In conclusion, we report that the CD45-magnetic bead method is suitable to isolate T and B cells during muscle regeneration with higher purity and yield and can also isolate myogenic cells within the same sample. This method provides a technical basis for further studies on muscle regeneration, involving lymphocytes and muscle cells, with a wide range of clinical applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulatory Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Stem/Progenitor Cells in Physiological and Pathological Conditions - Series 2)

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14 pages, 3032 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Inflammatory Caspase Activity Mediates HMGB1 Release and Differentiation in Myoblasts Affected by Peripheral Arterial Disease

by Ricardo Ferrari, Bowen Xie, Edwyn Assaf, Kristin Morder, Melanie Scott, Hong Liao, Michael J. Calderon, Mark Ross, Patricia Loughran, Simon C. Watkins, Iraklis Pipinos, George Casale, Edith Tzeng, Ryan McEnaney and Ulka Sachdev

Cells 2022, 11(7), 1163; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11071163 - 30 Mar 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2112

Abstract

Introduction: We previously showed that caspase-1 and -11, which are activated by inflammasomes, mediate recovery from muscle ischemia in mice. We hypothesized that similar to murine models, inflammatory caspases modulate myogenicity and inflammation in ischemic muscle disease. Methods: Caspase activity was measured in ischemic and perfused human myoblasts in response to the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome agonists (nigericin and poly(dA:dT), respectively) with and without specific caspase-1 or pan-caspase inhibition. mRNA levels of myogenic markers and caspase-1 were assessed, and protein levels of caspases-1, -4, -5, and -3 were measured by Western blot. Results: When compared to perfused cells, ischemic myoblasts demonstrated attenuated MyoD and myogenin and elevated caspase-1 mRNA. Ischemic myoblasts also had significantly higher enzymatic caspase activity with poly(dA:dT) (p < 0.001), but not nigericin stimulation. Inhibition of caspase activity including caspase-4/-5, but not caspase-1, blocked activation effects of poly(dA:dT). Ischemic myoblasts had elevated cleaved caspase-5. Inhibition of caspase activity deterred differentiation in ischemic but not perfused myoblasts and reduced the release of HMGB1 from both groups. Conclusion: Inflammatory caspases can be activated in ischemic myoblasts by AIM2 and influence ischemic myoblast differentiation and release of pro-angiogenic HMGB1. AIM2 inflammasome involvement suggests a role as a DNA damage sensor, and our data suggest that caspase-5 rather than caspase-1 may mediate the downstream mediator of this pathway. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulatory Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Stem/Progenitor Cells in Physiological and Pathological Conditions - Series 2)

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14 pages, 3498 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Role of MiR-325-3p in the Regulation of CFL2 and Myogenic Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts

by Mai Thi Nguyen and Wan Lee

Cells 2021, 10(10), 2725; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10102725 - 12 Oct 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2630

Abstract

Skeletal myogenesis is required to maintain muscle mass and integrity, and impaired myogenesis is causally linked to the etiology of muscle wasting. Recently, it was shown that excessive uptake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of muscle wasting. Although microRNA (miRNA) is implicated in the regulation of myogenesis, the molecular mechanism whereby SFA-induced miRNAs impair myogenic differentiation remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the regulatory roles of miR-325-3p on CFL2 expression and myogenic differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts. PA impeded myogenic differentiation, concomitantly suppressed CFL2 and induced miR-325-3p. Dual-luciferase analysis revealed that miR-325-3p directly targets the 3′UTR of CFL2, thereby suppressing the expression of CFL2, a crucial factor for actin dynamics. Transfection with miR-325-3p mimic resulted in the accumulation of actin filaments (F-actin) and nuclear Yes-associated protein (YAP) in myoblasts and promoted myoblast proliferation and cell cycle progression. Consequently, miR-325-3p mimic significantly attenuated the expressions of myogenic factors and thereby impaired the myogenic differentiation of myoblasts. The roles of miR-325-3p on CFL2 expression, F-actin modulation, and myogenic differentiation suggest a novel miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism of myogenesis and PA-inducible miR-325-3p may be a critical mediator between obesity and muscle wasting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulatory Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Stem/Progenitor Cells in Physiological and Pathological Conditions - Series 2)

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Review

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14 pages, 1317 KiB

Open AccessReview

Factors Regulating or Regulated by Myogenic Regulatory Factors in Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells

by Tomohiko Shirakawa, Takashi Toyono, Asako Inoue, Takuma Matsubara, Tatsuo Kawamoto and Shoichiro Kokabu

Cells 2022, 11(9), 1493; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11091493 - 29 Apr 2022

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4587

Abstract

MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4 (also known as Myf6 or herculin) are myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). MRFs are regarded as master transcription factors that are upregulated during myogenesis and influence stem cells to differentiate into myogenic lineage cells. In this review, we summarize MRFs, their regulatory factors, such as TLE3, NF-κB, and MRF target genes, including non-myogenic genes such as taste receptors. Understanding the function of MRFs and the physiology or pathology of satellite cells will contribute to the development of cell therapy and drug discovery for muscle-related diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulatory Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Stem/Progenitor Cells in Physiological and Pathological Conditions - Series 2)

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