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Cancers
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Hormone Involvement in Tissue Development, Physiology, and Oncogenesis
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Hormone Involvement in Tissue Development, Physiology, and Oncogenesis

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 25477

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Claudio Luparello

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Edificio 16, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Interests: breast cancer cells; hormones; extracellular matrix; enzyme inhibitors; cell proliferation; apoptosis; autophagy; gene expression
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is well-known that hormones, products of specialized endocrine cells that are spread throughout the body via the bloodstream, control the normal development and growth of a variety of tissues interacting with either surface or intracellular receptors thereby activating signalization pathways. In adult individuals, hormones regulate, integrate, and coordinate a range of different physiological processes that concern virtually all body tissues. On the other hand, excessive or impaired hormonal activities have been proven to increase the risk of oncogenesis in various tissues, such as breast, prostate, uterus, and bone, among others, acting on both the initiation and the promotion stages of cancer etiology. In addition, as result of their de-differentiation, tumor cells themselves can ectopically release hormones and induce the occurrence of paraneoplastic syndromes that can determine the abnormal behavior of organ systems and lead to permanent damages. In this Special issue, researchers are invited to contribute original articles or reviews that report the latest findings on a 360 degree perspective about the molecular and biochemical effects of hormones in developing, developed, and onco-transformed tissues, with a particular focus, although not exclusive, on the comparative analysis of paired tumoral and normal histotypes that might unveil novel metabolic reprogramming routes and potential prognostic biomarkers.

Prof. Dr. Claudio Luparello
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hormones
  • molecular mechanisms
  • molecular signatures
  • physiological regulation
  • tissue development
  • cell growth
  • cell differentiation
  • tissue oncogenesis
  • metabolic reprogramming
  • prognostic biomarkers
  • hormone pharmacology

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 155 KiB  
Editorial
Hormone Involvement in Tissue Development, Physiology and Oncogenesis: A Preface to the Special Issue
by Claudio Luparello
Cancers 2020, 12(9), 2642; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092642 - 16 Sep 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1475
Abstract
Hormones, i [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Involvement in Tissue Development, Physiology, and Oncogenesis)

Research

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21 pages, 11728 KiB  
Article
Possible Relevance of Soluble Luteinizing Hormone Receptor during Development and Adulthood in Boys and Men
by Li Juel Mortensen, Mette Lorenzen, Anne Jørgensen, Jakob Albrethsen, Niels Jørgensen, Søren Møller, Anna-Maria Andersson, Anders Juul and Martin Blomberg Jensen
Cancers 2021, 13(6), 1329; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13061329 - 16 Mar 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2426
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are agonists for the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR) which regulates male reproductive function. LHCGR may be released into body fluids. We wish to determine whether soluble LHCGR is a marker for gonadal function. Cross-sectional, longitudinal, [...] Read more.
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are agonists for the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR) which regulates male reproductive function. LHCGR may be released into body fluids. We wish to determine whether soluble LHCGR is a marker for gonadal function. Cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention studies on 195 healthy boys and men and 396 men with infertility, anorchia, or Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) were used to correlate LHCGR measured in serum, seminal fluid, urine, and hepatic/renal artery and vein with gonadal function. LHCGR was determined in fluids from in vitro and in vivo models of human testicular tissue and cell lines, xenograft mouse models, and human fetal kidney and adrenal glands. Western blot showed LHCGR fragments in serum and gonadal tissue of similar size using three different antibodies. The LHCGR-ELISA had no species cross-reactivity or unspecific reaction in mouse serum even after human xenografting. Instead, sLHCGR was released into the media after the culture of a human fetal kidney and adrenal glands. Serum sLHCGR decreased markedly during puberty in healthy boys (p = 0.0001). In healthy men, serum sLHCGR was inversely associated with the Inhibin B/FSH ratio (β −0.004, p = 0.027). In infertile men, seminal fluid sLHCGR was inversely associated with serum FSH (β 0.006, p = 0.009), sperm concentration (β −3.5, p = 0.003) and total sperm count (β −3.2, p = 0.007). The injection of hCG lowered sLHCGR in serum and urine of healthy men (p < 0.01). In conclusion, sLHCGR is released into body-fluids and linked with pubertal development and gonadal function. Circulating sLHCGR in anorchid men suggests that sLHCGR in serum may originate from and possibly exert actions in non-gonadal tissues. (ClinicalTrials: NTC01411527, NCT01304927, NCT03418896). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Involvement in Tissue Development, Physiology, and Oncogenesis)
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Review

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21 pages, 1407 KiB  
Review
Intermittent and Periodic Fasting, Hormones, and Cancer Prevention
by Giulia Salvadori, Mario Giuseppe Mirisola and Valter D. Longo
Cancers 2021, 13(18), 4587; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184587 - 13 Sep 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 8524
Abstract
The restriction of proteins, amino acids or sugars can have profound effects on the levels of hormones and factors including growth hormone, IGF-1 and insulin. In turn, these can regulate intracellular signaling pathways as well as cellular damage and aging, but also multisystem [...] Read more.
The restriction of proteins, amino acids or sugars can have profound effects on the levels of hormones and factors including growth hormone, IGF-1 and insulin. In turn, these can regulate intracellular signaling pathways as well as cellular damage and aging, but also multisystem regeneration. Both intermittent (IF) and periodic fasting (PF) have been shown to have both acute and long-term effects on these hormones. Here, we review the effects of nutrients and fasting on hormones and genes established to affect aging and cancer. We describe the link between dietary interventions and genetic pathways affecting the levels of these hormones and focus on the mechanisms responsible for the cancer preventive effects. We propose that IF and PF can reduce tumor incidence both by delaying aging and preventing DNA damage and immunosenescence and also by killing damaged, pre-cancerous and cancer cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Involvement in Tissue Development, Physiology, and Oncogenesis)
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12 pages, 607 KiB  
Review
Tumor Classification Should Be Based on Biology and Not Consensus: Re-Defining Tumors Based on Biology May Accelerate Progress, An Experience of Gastric Cancer
by Helge Waldum
Cancers 2021, 13(13), 3159; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133159 - 24 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1992
Abstract
Malignant tumors are a consequence of genetic changes mainly occurring during cell division, sometimes with a congenital component. Therefore, accelerated cell divisions will necessarily predispose individuals, whether due to conditions of chronic cell destruction or hormonal overstimulation. It has been postulated that two [...] Read more.
Malignant tumors are a consequence of genetic changes mainly occurring during cell division, sometimes with a congenital component. Therefore, accelerated cell divisions will necessarily predispose individuals, whether due to conditions of chronic cell destruction or hormonal overstimulation. It has been postulated that two genetic hits are necessary for the development of malignancy (Knudson). The correct view is probably that the number of genetic changes needed depends on the role the mutated genes have in proliferation and growth control. Hormones should accordingly be regarded as complete carcinogens. In this review based upon experience of gastric cancer where gastrin is central in the pathogenesis, it is argued that oxyntic atrophy—and not metaplasia as postulated by Correa—is the central precancer change in gastric mucosa. Moreover, the target cell of gastrin, the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell, is central in gastric carcinogenesis and most probably the cell of origin of gastric carcinomas of the diffuse type according to Lauren (a classification probable in accordance with biology). The distinction between adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine carcinomas based upon a certain percentage of cancer cells with neuroendocrine differentiation is questioned. To make progress in the treatment of cancer, a correct classification system and knowledge of the pathogenesis are necessary. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Involvement in Tissue Development, Physiology, and Oncogenesis)
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29 pages, 2067 KiB  
Review
Involvement of Thyroid Hormones in Brain Development and Cancer
by Gabriella Schiera, Carlo Maria Di Liegro and Italia Di Liegro
Cancers 2021, 13(11), 2693; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112693 - 30 May 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4197
Abstract
The development and maturation of the mammalian brain are regulated by thyroid hormones (THs). Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism cause serious anomalies in the organization and function of the nervous system. Most importantly, brain development is sensitive to TH supply well before the onset [...] Read more.
The development and maturation of the mammalian brain are regulated by thyroid hormones (THs). Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism cause serious anomalies in the organization and function of the nervous system. Most importantly, brain development is sensitive to TH supply well before the onset of the fetal thyroid function, and thus depends on the trans-placental transfer of maternal THs during pregnancy. Although the mechanism of action of THs mainly involves direct regulation of gene expression (genomic effects), mediated by nuclear receptors (THRs), it is now clear that THs can elicit cell responses also by binding to plasma membrane sites (non-genomic effects). Genomic and non-genomic effects of THs cooperate in modeling chromatin organization and function, thus controlling proliferation, maturation, and metabolism of the nervous system. However, the complex interplay of THs with their targets has also been suggested to impact cancer proliferation as well as metastatic processes. Herein, after discussing the general mechanisms of action of THs and their physiological effects on the nervous system, we will summarize a collection of data showing that thyroid hormone levels might influence cancer proliferation and invasion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Involvement in Tissue Development, Physiology, and Oncogenesis)
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19 pages, 5215 KiB  
Review
Estrogens in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Friends or Foes?
by Giuseppe Carruba
Cancers 2021, 13(9), 2085; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092085 - 26 Apr 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2601
Abstract
Estrogens are recognized as key players in physiological regulation of various, classical and non-classical, target organs, and tissues, including liver development, homeostasis, and function. On the other hand, multiple, though dispersed, experimental evidence is highly suggestive for the implication of estrogen in development [...] Read more.
Estrogens are recognized as key players in physiological regulation of various, classical and non-classical, target organs, and tissues, including liver development, homeostasis, and function. On the other hand, multiple, though dispersed, experimental evidence is highly suggestive for the implication of estrogen in development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this paper, data from our own studies and the current literature are reviewed to help understanding this apparent discrepancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Involvement in Tissue Development, Physiology, and Oncogenesis)
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15 pages, 546 KiB  
Review
Towards Understanding of Gastric Cancer Based upon Physiological Role of Gastrin and ECL Cells
by Helge Waldum and Patricia Mjønes
Cancers 2020, 12(11), 3477; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113477 - 22 Nov 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3350
Abstract
The stomach is an ideal organ to study because the gastric juice kills most of the swallowed microbes and, thus, creates rather similar milieu among individuals. Combined with a rather easy access to gastric juice, gastric physiology was among the first areas to [...] Read more.
The stomach is an ideal organ to study because the gastric juice kills most of the swallowed microbes and, thus, creates rather similar milieu among individuals. Combined with a rather easy access to gastric juice, gastric physiology was among the first areas to be studied. During the last century, a rather complete understanding of the regulation of gastric acidity was obtained, establishing the central role of gastrin and the histamine producing enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell. Similarly, the close connection between regulation of function and proliferation became evident, and, furthermore, that chronic overstimulation of a cell with the ability to proliferate, results in tumour formation. The ECL cell has long been acknowledged to give rise to neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), but not to play any role in carcinogenesis of gastric adenocarcinomas. However, when examining human gastric adenocarcinomas with the best methods presently available (immunohistochemistry with increased sensitivity and in-situ hybridization), it became clear that many of these cancers expressed neuroendocrine markers, suggesting that some of these tumours were of neuroendocrine, and more specifically, ECL cell origin. Thus, the ECL cell and its main regulator, gastrin, are central in human gastric carcinogenesis, which make new possibilities in prevention, prophylaxis, and treatment of this cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Involvement in Tissue Development, Physiology, and Oncogenesis)
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