Existing and Emerging Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2025 | Viewed by 491

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Cátedra UAM-Fundación Instituto Roche de Medicina Personalizada de Precisión, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 62 Diego de León, Madrid, Spain
Interests: clinical cancer research; biomarkers; genitourinary cancer
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the second edition of a previous Special Issue entitled “Existing and Emerging Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cancers/special_issues/QWO8SW601P).

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer in recent years. Specifically, immune checkpoint inhibitors targeted to PD-1 or its ligand PD-L1 have changed the evolution of aggressive solid tumors, such as advanced lung cancer or melanoma. However, despite promising results, current immunotherapy is not effective for all patients, and, therefore, there is an urgent need for biomarker selection. PD-L1 measured by immunohistochemistry has demonstrated a correlation between expression and survival in some clinical trials, but these results have not been validated for all types of tumors and may vary depending on the antibody used in the different studies. Other tissue biomarkers, such as tumor mutational burden (TMB) or DNA repair defects (DRDs), have been explored, yielding controversial results. Some studies have reported that these alterations may release a higher number of tumor neoantigens, thus leading to an increased activation of the immune system and a greater benefit in terms of immunotherapy response. Another type of approach is to identify patient-dependent predictors of immunotherapy efficacy, such as the development of immune-related side effects or the identification of changes in immune phenotype. It may be particularly interesting to detect biomarkers in real time at different points of disease evolution to examine the constant dynamic changes of the immune system. This Special Issue will highlight the current complex uses of biomarkers in clinical practice and identify new potential immune biomarkers in solid tumors.

Dr. Nuria Romero-Laorden
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • immunotherapy
  • checkpoint inhibitors
  • biomarkers
  • immune biomarkers
  • PD-L1
  • TMB
  • solid tumors

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

20 pages, 3742 KiB  
Review
Predictive Biomarkers for Immunotherapy in Endometrial Carcinoma
by Cristina Pizzimenti, Vincenzo Fiorentino, Ludovica Pepe, Mariausilia Franchina, Chiara Ruggeri, Alfredo Ercoli, Giuliana Ciappina, Massimiliano Berretta, Giovanni Tuccari and Antonio Ieni
Cancers 2025, 17(15), 2420; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17152420 - 22 Jul 2025
Viewed by 336
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy in developed nations, exhibiting significant molecular heterogeneity that impacts prognosis and treatment response, particularly in advanced or recurrent settings. Traditional classification is increasingly supplemented by molecular subtyping (POLE-ultramutated, MSI-high/dMMR, NSMP, p53-mutated/CNH), which [...] Read more.
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy in developed nations, exhibiting significant molecular heterogeneity that impacts prognosis and treatment response, particularly in advanced or recurrent settings. Traditional classification is increasingly supplemented by molecular subtyping (POLE-ultramutated, MSI-high/dMMR, NSMP, p53-mutated/CNH), which provides crucial prognostic information and predicts benefit from immunotherapy. This review summarizes the landscape of predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in EC, emphasizing a new therapeutic scenario for advanced and recurrent EC. Mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) or high microsatellite instability (MSI-H), leading to high tumor mutational burden (TMB) and increased neoantigen production, is the most established predictor, resulting in FDA approvals for pembrolizumab and dostarlimab in this subgroup. POLE mutations also confer hypermutation and high immunogenicity, predicting a favorable ICI response. Other biomarkers, including PD-L1 expression and TMB, show variable correlation with response and require further standardization. The tumor immune microenvironment, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), also influences treatment outcomes. Clinical trials have demonstrated significant survival benefits for ICIs combined with chemotherapy (e.g., dostarlimab/pembrolizumab + carboplatin/paclitaxel) in first-line settings, especially for dMMR/MSI-H EC, and for ICI combinations with targeted agents (e.g., lenvatinib + pembrolizumab) in previously treated patients. Integrating molecular classification and validated biomarkers is essential for optimizing patient selection and developing personalized immunotherapy strategies for EC. Full article
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