Genetic Screening and Personalized Prevention in Hereditary Gastrointestinal Cancer Syndromes

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Pathophysiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2026 | Viewed by 428

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
Interests: hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes; NGS multigene panel tests; pathogenic variant (PV); variant of uncertain significance (VUS); Lynch syndrome; mismatch repair (MMR) genes; gastrointestinal cancer susceptibility; functional impact of the genetic variant

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Guest Editor
Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
Interests: hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes; next-generation sequencing (NGS); genetic risk assessment; germline variants; genetic counseling; personalized medicine; cancer genetics; variant interpretation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Globally, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers are among the most prevalent causes of mortality. Numerous causative genes of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer have been identified, and a substantial proportion of patients with GI cancer have a family history. Gene carriers who inherit these gastrointestinal tumors frequently develop multiple types of cancer at a young age. Early detection of these conditions through genetic testing and targeted surveillance can potentially save lives. These inherited syndromes are not always associated with high penetrance of gastrointestinal cancer. The identification of numerous predisposing genes associated with an elevated risk of gastrointestinal cancer has been facilitated by advancements in clinical genomics. This Special Issue aims to help clinicians and healthcare providers better understand the current transition in clinical genetic testing for inherited gastrointestinal cancer predisposition syndromes, with a focus on the interpretation of multigene panel testing results.

This issue offers a comprehensive assessment of molecular diagnoses; the recommended eligibility criteria for genetic testing; the interpretation of genetic tests (NGS multigene panels); genotype–phenotype associations; and the management of five major hereditary gastrointestinal cancers: familial adenomatous polyposis, Lynch syndrome, hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, Li–Fraumeni syndrome, and hereditary pancreatic cancer.

Dr. Candida Fasano
Dr. Vittoria Disciglio
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes
  • NGS multigene panel tests
  • pathogenic variant (PV)
  • variant of uncertain significance (VUS)
  • mismatch repair (MMR) genes
  • gastrointestinal cancer susceptibility
  • personalized medicine
  • genetic risk assessment
  • germline variants
  • genetic counseling
  • functional impact of the genetic variant

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

17 pages, 593 KB  
Review
Familial Non-Hereditary Gastric Cancer: Diagnosis, Management, Molecular Characteristics and Future Perspective
by Carlos Pardo, Irina Luzko, Joaquín Castillo-Iturra, Elisa Cantú-Germano and Leticia Moreira
Cancers 2025, 17(19), 3209; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17193209 - 1 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. While most cases are sporadic, approximately 10% show familial clustering with only a minority explained by known hereditary syndromes. The remaining, termed familial non-hereditary gastric cancer (FNHGC), lack a defined high-penetrance [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. While most cases are sporadic, approximately 10% show familial clustering with only a minority explained by known hereditary syndromes. The remaining, termed familial non-hereditary gastric cancer (FNHGC), lack a defined high-penetrance germline mutation. This review aims to summarize current knowledge regarding the diagnosis, risk factors, molecular characteristics and management of FNHGC. Methods: A comprehensive narrative review of the literature was conducted focusing on epidemiologic, molecular and clinical studies addressing families with multiple GC cases but no identified germline mutation. Results: The etiology of FNHGC is multifactorial, and H. pylori, with its related chronic gastritis, is probably the key driver. Familial clustering likely occurs when combined with other elements such as genetic polymorphisms, shared exposures to risk factors or even epigenetic phenomena. Molecular profiling reveals distinct patterns in familial tumors such as more frequent microsatellite instability; somatic CDH1 promoter hypermethylation; and recurrent somatic mutations in TP53, RHOA and DNA repair genes. Current management focuses on genetic testing to rule out hereditary syndromes, endoscopic surveillance and mitigation of risk factors, with eradication of H. pylori paramount. Conclusions: FNHGC represents a distinct subgroup of GC characterized by a multifactorial etiology related to exposure to risk factors and genetic susceptibility although significant gaps remain in fully explaining the condition. Ongoing research holds promise to provide tools for better detection and prevention in order to reduce the burden of GC in familial settings. Full article
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