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Biosensors
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Biosensors for Rapid Diagnostics
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Biosensors for Rapid Diagnostics

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors and Healthcare".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 27159

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Azadeh Nilghaz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Future Industries Institute, University of South Astralia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
Interests: lab on a chip; point of care device; low-cost; diagnostics; food safety; water analysis; sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, design and fabrication of biosensor systems for health monitoring have become a hot research field. These sensors can measure disease biomarkers such as specific biomolecules, enzymes, antibodies, antigens, hormones, genes, gene products, and even complex organ functions in a rapid and low-cost manner. Intensive biosensor research in recent years has accumulated many scientific publications and attracted a great deal of attention and discussions in the public, the scientific community, and governmental agencies. However, commercialization of these rapid sensors for real applications and entering our daily lives is noticeably lagging. The “ASSURED” criteria (i.e., affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, deliver to the users who need them), set by the World Health Organization, specify the whole spectrum of requirements for low-cost biosensors designed for use in developing countries; they define the technical capabilities (i.e., “ASSR”) and user acceptance (i.e., “UED”) of low-cost sensing technology. While ASSR should be taken as the basic requirements of any sensor, UED determines whether the sensors could potentially be commercialized and gain user acceptance. This perspective presents these two critical aspects of rapid diagnostics by revisiting the original motivation of the analytical platforms. In this Special Issue, we will focus on the importance of UED that deserve smore research to increase the commercialization of biosensors.

Dr. Azadeh Nilghaz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 2375 KiB  
Article
Specific Detection of Influenza A and B Viruses by CRISPR-Cas12a-Based Assay
by Bum Ju Park, Man Seong Park, Jae Myun Lee and Yoon Jae Song
Biosensors 2021, 11(3), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11030088 - 19 Mar 2021
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 6301
Abstract
A rapid and accurate on-site diagnostic test for pathogens including influenza viruses is critical for preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Two types of influenza virus, A and B cause seasonal flu epidemics, whereas type A can cause influenza pandemics. To specifically detect [...] Read more.
A rapid and accurate on-site diagnostic test for pathogens including influenza viruses is critical for preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Two types of influenza virus, A and B cause seasonal flu epidemics, whereas type A can cause influenza pandemics. To specifically detect influenza A (IAV) and B (IBV) viruses, we developed a clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) system-based assay. By coupling reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), a CRISPR-Cas12a DNA endonuclease-targeted CRISPR trans-reporter (DETECTR) detected IAV and IBV titers as low as 1 × 100 plaque forming units (PFUs) per reaction without exhibiting cross-reactivity. Only 75 to 85 min were required to detect IAV and IBV, depending on isothermal nucleic acid amplification methods, and results were verified using a lateral flow strip assay that does not require additional analytic equipment. Taken together, our findings establish RT-RPA and RT-LAMP-coupled DETECTR-based diagnostic tests for rapid, specific and high-sensitivity detection of IAV and IBV using fluorescence and lateral flow assays. The diagnostic test developed in this study can be used to distinguish IAV and IBV infections, a capability that is necessary for monitoring and preventing the spread of influenza epidemics and pandemics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Rapid Diagnostics)
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15 pages, 2218 KiB  
Article
Siphon-Controlled Automation on a Lab-on-a-Disc Using Event-Triggered Dissolvable Film Valves
by Brian D. Henderson, David J. Kinahan, Jeanne Rio, Rohit Mishra, Damien King, Sarai M. Torres-Delgado, Dario Mager, Jan G. Korvink and Jens Ducrée
Biosensors 2021, 11(3), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11030073 - 6 Mar 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3872
Abstract
Within microfluidic technologies, the centrifugal microfluidic “Lab-on-a-Disc” (LoaD) platform offers great potential for use at the PoC and in low-resource settings due to its robustness and the ability to port and miniaturize ‘wet bench’ laboratory protocols. We present the combination of ‘event-triggered dissolvable [...] Read more.
Within microfluidic technologies, the centrifugal microfluidic “Lab-on-a-Disc” (LoaD) platform offers great potential for use at the PoC and in low-resource settings due to its robustness and the ability to port and miniaturize ‘wet bench’ laboratory protocols. We present the combination of ‘event-triggered dissolvable film valves’ with a centrifugo-pneumatic siphon structure to enable control and timing, through changes in disc spin-speed, of the release and incubations of eight samples/reagents/wash buffers. Based on these microfluidic techniques, we integrated and automated a chemiluminescent immunoassay for detection of the CVD risk factor marker C-reactive protein displaying a limit of detection (LOD) of 44.87 ng mL−1 and limit of quantitation (LoQ) of 135.87 ng mL−1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Rapid Diagnostics)
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12 pages, 3375 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Immunosensor for Human IgE Using Ferrocene Self-Assembled Monolayers Modified ITO Electrode
by Myungsang Park, Yesol Song, Ki Jun Kim, Seung Jun Oh, Jun Ki Ahn, Hun Park, Hang-Beum Shin and Seong Jung Kwon
Biosensors 2020, 10(4), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios10040038 - 14 Apr 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6436
Abstract
The immunoglobulin E (IgE) level in serum is an important factor in the examination of allergy. Ferrocene (Fc)-modified self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were placed on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode as a sensing layer for the detection of human IgE. The Fc moiety [...] Read more.
The immunoglobulin E (IgE) level in serum is an important factor in the examination of allergy. Ferrocene (Fc)-modified self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were placed on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode as a sensing layer for the detection of human IgE. The Fc moiety in the SAMs facilitated the electron transfer through the organic SAMs layer and electrocatalytic signal amplification. The electrochemical measurement was accomplished after the sandwich type immobilization of the receptor antibody, target human IgE, and enzyme conjugated secondary antibody. The enzyme product, p-aminophenol, was quantitatively analyzed by redox cycling via Fc. In addition, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was investigated for the detection of IgE. The limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and dynamic range of the electrochemical sensor were 3 IU/mL, 10 IU/mL, and from 10 IU/mL to 100 IU/mL, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Rapid Diagnostics)
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Review

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42 pages, 6599 KiB  
Review
Electrochemical Biosensors for Cytokine Profiling: Recent Advancements and Possibilities in the Near Future
by Nirmita Dutta, Peter B. Lillehoj, Pedro Estrela and Gorachand Dutta
Biosensors 2021, 11(3), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11030094 - 23 Mar 2021
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 5583
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble proteins secreted by immune cells that act as molecular messengers relaying instructions and mediating various functions performed by the cellular counterparts of the immune system, by means of a synchronized cascade of signaling pathways. Aberrant expression of cytokines can be [...] Read more.
Cytokines are soluble proteins secreted by immune cells that act as molecular messengers relaying instructions and mediating various functions performed by the cellular counterparts of the immune system, by means of a synchronized cascade of signaling pathways. Aberrant expression of cytokines can be indicative of anomalous behavior of the immunoregulatory system, as seen in various illnesses and conditions, such as cancer, autoimmunity, neurodegeneration and other physiological disorders. Cancer and autoimmune diseases are particularly adept at developing mechanisms to escape and modulate the immune system checkpoints, reflected by an altered cytokine profile. Cytokine profiling can provide valuable information for diagnosing such diseases and monitoring their progression, as well as assessing the efficacy of immunotherapeutic regiments. Toward this goal, there has been immense interest in the development of ultrasensitive quantitative detection techniques for cytokines, which involves technologies from various scientific disciplines, such as immunology, electrochemistry, photometry, nanotechnology and electronics. This review focusses on one aspect of this collective effort: electrochemical biosensors. Among the various types of biosensors available, electrochemical biosensors are one of the most reliable, user-friendly, easy to manufacture, cost-effective and versatile technologies that can yield results within a short period of time, making it extremely promising for routine clinical testing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Rapid Diagnostics)
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19 pages, 10756 KiB  
Review
Biosensors for Detecting Lymphocytes and Immunoglobulins
by Pietro Salvo, Federico M. Vivaldi, Andrea Bonini, Denise Biagini, Francesca G. Bellagambi, Filippo M. Miliani, Fabio Di Francesco and Tommaso Lomonaco
Biosensors 2020, 10(11), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios10110155 - 27 Oct 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4007
Abstract
Lymphocytes (B, T and natural killer cells) and immunoglobulins are essential for the adaptive immune response against external pathogens. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) kits are the gold standards to detect immunoglobulins, B cells and T cells, whereas the impedance measurement is [...] Read more.
Lymphocytes (B, T and natural killer cells) and immunoglobulins are essential for the adaptive immune response against external pathogens. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) kits are the gold standards to detect immunoglobulins, B cells and T cells, whereas the impedance measurement is the most used technique for natural killer cells. For point-of-care, fast and low-cost devices, biosensors could be suitable for the reliable, stable and reproducible detection of immunoglobulins and lymphocytes. In the literature, such biosensors are commonly fabricated using antibodies, aptamers, proteins and nanomaterials, whereas electrochemical, optical and piezoelectric techniques are used for detection. This review describes how these measurement techniques and transducers can be used to fabricate biosensors for detecting lymphocytes and the total content of immunoglobulins. The various methods and configurations are reported, along with the advantages and current limitations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors for Rapid Diagnostics)
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