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Biosensors
Special Issues
Recent Advances in Glucose Biosensors
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Recent Advances in Glucose Biosensors

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors and Healthcare".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 July 2025 | Viewed by 6690

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Natalija German

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
Interests: electrochemistry; biomedicine; biosensors; the transport of electrons in electrochemical systems; conducting polymers; nanocompounds; the immobilization of enzymes; nanomaterials
Dr. Anton Popov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. NanoTechnas—Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
2. Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
Interests: immunosensors; biosensors; the use of nanomaterials for the fabrication of sensors; conducting polymers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The demand for accurate, cost-effective, sensitive, selective, and miniature glucose biosensors is on the rise, particularly in the field of clinical practice, the monitoring of food quality, and the diagnosis as well as control of diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is considered a worldwide public health problem, which increases the risk of heart disease, kidney failure, blindness, nerves, and the circulatory system. Nanocompounds and hybrid materials based on noble metal nanoparticles are considered the most popular materials in glucose biosensor design, attributed to their high electrical conductivity and good stability as well as distinctive structural and catalytic properties.

The main topic of this Special Issue is the recent advances in the field of glucose biosensor development. It will include original articles and research reviews delving into innovative fabrication, technology, and the overall progress in glucose biosensor development, their applications in various research areas, such as biomedical applications, the control of beverages, biofuel cell fabrication, and bioelectronic devices. The attention will be directed towards the use of various nanoparticles or nanostructures in the crafting of innovative glucose biosensors.

We invite you to submit to this Special Issue original research articles and review articles highlighting recent advances in glucose biosensor development and real-world applications.

Dr. Natalija German
Dr. Anton Popov
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • glucose
  • biosensors
  • electrochemical biosensors
  • nanomaterials
  • biomedical application
  • disease diagnosis
  • diabetes mellitus
  • enzyme
  • nanotechnology

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 9609 KiB  
Article
Integration of Carbon Nanotubes into Manganese Dioxide Nanorods for Enhanced Enzymeless Electrochemical Glucose Sensing with High Sensitivity and Selectivity
by Khawtar Hasan Ahmed, Alonso Moreno Zuria and Mohamed Mohamedi
Biosensors 2025, 15(4), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15040215 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 376
Abstract
Freestanding electrode designs, cost-effective catalysts, and enhanced electrical conductivity are crucial for improving the performance of fourth-generation non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensors. These factors enable more efficient, scalable, and durable sensors with better sensitivity, stability, and affordability for real-time glucose monitoring. In this study, [...] Read more.
Freestanding electrode designs, cost-effective catalysts, and enhanced electrical conductivity are crucial for improving the performance of fourth-generation non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensors. These factors enable more efficient, scalable, and durable sensors with better sensitivity, stability, and affordability for real-time glucose monitoring. In this study, we explore a freestanding electrode design combining carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with MnO2 nanorods to enhance charge transfer, increase surface area, and optimize catalytic activity. This CNTs/MnO2 electrode demonstrates exceptional catalytic activity for glucose oxidation, achieving a high sensitivity of 309.73 µA cm−2 mM−1 within a linear range of 0.5 to 10 mM—well above typical physiological glucose levels (3–8 mM), with a detection limit of 0.19 mM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The electrode also shows excellent durability and remarkable selectivity for glucose over common interferents like ascorbic acid and uric acid, as well as antifouling properties in the presence of KCl. These attributes are essential for accurate glucose detection in complex biological samples. The integration of MnO2 nanorods with CNTs in freestanding nanostructures opens up exciting opportunities for developing high-performance, robust electrochemical sensors for diverse applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Glucose Biosensors)
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18 pages, 2283 KiB  
Article
A Platform for the Glucose Biosensor Based on Dendritic Gold Nanostructures and Polyaniline-Gold Nanoparticles Nanocomposite
by Natalija German, Anton Popov, Arunas Ramanavicius and Almira Ramanaviciene
Biosensors 2025, 15(3), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15030196 - 19 Mar 2025
Viewed by 381
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a pathological condition that requires continuous measurement of glucose concentration in human blood. In this study, two enzymatic mediator-free glucose biosensors based on premodified graphite rod (GR) electrodes were developed and compared. GR electrode modified with electrochemically synthesized dendritic gold [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus is a pathological condition that requires continuous measurement of glucose concentration in human blood. In this study, two enzymatic mediator-free glucose biosensors based on premodified graphite rod (GR) electrodes were developed and compared. GR electrode modified with electrochemically synthesized dendritic gold nanostructures (DGNS), a cystamine (Cys) self-assembled monolayer (SAM), and glucose oxidase (GOx) (GR/DGNS/Cys/GOx) and GR electrode modified with DGNS, Cys SAM, enzymatically obtained polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites with embedded 6 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and GOx (GR/DGNS/Cys/PANI-AuNPs-GOx/GOx) were investigated electrochemically. Biosensors based on GR/DGNS/Cys/GOx and GR/DGNS/Cys/PANI-AuNPs-GOx/GOx electrodes were characterized by a linear range (LR) of up to 1.0 mM of glucose, storage stability of over 71 days, sensitivity of 93.7 and 72.0 μA/(mM cm2), limit of detection (LOD) of 0.027 and 0.034 mM, reproducibility of 13.6 and 9.03%, and repeatability of 8.96 and 8.01%, respectively. The GR/DGNS/Cys/PANI-AuNPs-GOx/GOx electrode was proposed as more favorable for glucose concentration determination in serum due to its better stability and resistance to interfering electrochemically active species. The technological solutions presented in this paper are expected to enable the development of innovative mediator-free enzymatic glucose biosensors, offering advantages for clinical assays, particularly for controlling blood glucose concentration in individuals with diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Glucose Biosensors)
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11 pages, 1201 KiB  
Article
Improved Glycemic Control during a One-Week Adventure Camp in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes—The DIACAMP Study
by Antonia-Therese Kietaibl, Faisal Aziz, Eva Wurm, Celine Tomka, Othmar Moser, Thomas R. Pieber, Elke Fröhlich-Reiterer, Peter Fasching, Julia K. Mader, Harald Sourij and Felix Aberer
Biosensors 2024, 14(9), 451; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090451 - 21 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1799
Abstract
Adolescence remains a crucial age associated with diabetes distress in individuals living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The Austrian organization “Diabär” regularly hosts a one-week adventure camp for adolescents (12–18 years) living with T1D. The camp focuses on “fun activities” without a structured [...] Read more.
Adolescence remains a crucial age associated with diabetes distress in individuals living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The Austrian organization “Diabär” regularly hosts a one-week adventure camp for adolescents (12–18 years) living with T1D. The camp focuses on “fun activities” without a structured educational protocol in order to minimize diabetes distress and increase diabetes management skills. In contrast to educational camps, training is kept to a minimum. However, attendees analyze the glycemic data of the previous day with their medical supervisor once daily during the camp. All subjects used a standardized real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system (DexcomG7) throughout the whole study. Glycemic metrics were prospectively analyzed during three periods: week 1 = home phase, week 2 = adventure camp, and week 3 = after the camp. Safety (time below range 1 [TBR1], 69–54 mg/dL, and time below range 2 [TBR2], <54 mg/dL) and efficacy (time in range [TIR], 70–180 mg/dL) were assessed by comparing the CGM data during weeks 1–3. The CGM data of 14 participants were analyzed. The TIR was higher during the camp week versus week 1 (70.4 ± 11.1% vs. 53.1 ± 20.2%; p = 0.001). The TBR1 significantly increased during camp compared to week 1 (2.5 ±1.7% vs. 1.3 ± 1.2%; p = 0.009), whereas the TBR2 did not differ. No serious adverse events occurred. This adventure camp without a main focus on education showed feasibility and safety in adolescents with T1D. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Glucose Biosensors)
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14 pages, 1102 KiB  
Article
Towards a Self-Powered Amperometric Glucose Biosensor Based on a Single-Enzyme Biofuel Cell
by Asta Kausaite-Minkstimiene, Algimantas Kaminskas, Galina Gayda and Almira Ramanaviciene
Biosensors 2024, 14(3), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14030138 - 8 Mar 2024
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3345
Abstract
This paper describes the study of an amperometric glucose biosensor based on an enzymatic biofuel cell consisting of a bioanode and a biocathode modified with the same enzyme—glucose oxidase (GOx). A graphite rod electrode (GRE) was electrochemically modified with a layer of Prussian [...] Read more.
This paper describes the study of an amperometric glucose biosensor based on an enzymatic biofuel cell consisting of a bioanode and a biocathode modified with the same enzyme—glucose oxidase (GOx). A graphite rod electrode (GRE) was electrochemically modified with a layer of Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles embedded in a poly(pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid) (PPCA) shell, and an additional layer of PPCA and was used as the cathode. A GRE modified with a nanocomposite composed of poly(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione) (PPD) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) entrapped in a PPCA shell was used as an anode. Both electrodes were modified with GOx by covalently bonding the enzyme to the carboxyl groups of PPCA. The developed biosensor exhibited a wide linear range of 0.15–124.00 mM with an R2 of 0.9998 and a sensitivity of 0.16 μA/mM. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.07 and 0.23 mM, respectively. The biosensor demonstrated exceptional selectivity to glucose and operational stability throughout 35 days, as well as good reproducibility, repeatability, and anti-interference ability towards common interfering substances. The studies on human serum demonstrate the ability of the newly designed biosensor to determine glucose in complex real samples at clinically relevant concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Glucose Biosensors)
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