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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Viruses in Cancer and Therapy
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Viruses in Cancer and Therapy

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2018) | Viewed by 21840

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Subhash C. Verma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, MS 320, Center for Molecular Medicine, 211F, Reno, NV 89557, USA
Interests: herpesvirology; latency and viral reactivation; genetic and epigenetic factors of viral replication; zika virus pathogenesis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The close relationship between viruses and tumors has a long history, dating back to 1930s, when the first evidence of tumor-causing viruses was presented. Since then, many oncoviruses have been discovered, including the Epstein-Barr virus, human papilloma virus, Hepatitis C virus, etc. Oncoviruses differ in their tropism and mechanisms of cancerogenesis, which makes them one of the most versatile group of pathogens. Despite the significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of transmission, tumor development and metastasis, many aspects of cancer pathogenesis remain unknown.

Traditionally, the role of viruses in tumor growth was limited to cancerogenesis, where viruses were expected to interrupt cell growth control to establish malignancy. However, this paradigm is changing with the introduction of oncolytic viruses. Oncolytic viruses are defined as viruses (genetically-engineered or naturally-occurring) capable of selectively killing cancer cells, leaving the normal tissues unharmed. This is a novel approach for the treatment of cancer that has many advances compared to conventional combinations of chemotherapy and radiation.

We invite authors to contribute original manuscripts, case reports, clinical trials, as well as reviews focused on viruses in cancer and therapy.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Recent discoveries on cancers caused by viruses (genetic, proteomic, etc.)
  • In vitro and in vivo studies aimed to identify mechanisms of virus-causing tumors;
  • Biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy of virus caused cancers;
  • Transcriptome and proteome analysis of various tumors caused by viruses and oncolytic viruses;
  • Bioinformatics approaches to characterize oncoviruses and oncolytic viruses related to clinical presentation, treatment efficacy and prognosis of various cancers;
  • Novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of cancers using viruses;
  •  Mechanisms of the immune system, evasion and development of resistance to chemo and radio therapy by oncoviruses

Assoc. Prof. Subhash C. Verma
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cancer
  • oncovirus
  • oncolytic virus
  • immunity
  • immune response
  • therapy
  • cancer stem cells

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

12 pages, 932 KiB  
Review
Viral-Mediated mRNA Degradation for Pathogenesis
by Shujuan Du, Xiaoqing Liu and Qiliang Cai
Biomedicines 2018, 6(4), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines6040111 - 29 Nov 2018
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 7616
Abstract
Cellular RNA decay machinery plays a vital role in regulating gene expression by altering the stability of mRNAs in response to external stresses, including viral infection. In the primary infection, viruses often conquer the host cell’s antiviral immune response by controlling the inherently [...] Read more.
Cellular RNA decay machinery plays a vital role in regulating gene expression by altering the stability of mRNAs in response to external stresses, including viral infection. In the primary infection, viruses often conquer the host cell’s antiviral immune response by controlling the inherently cellular mRNA degradation machinery to facilitate viral gene expression and establish a successful infection. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the diverse strategies of viral-mediated regulatory RNA shutoff for pathogenesis, and particularly sheds a light on the mechanisms that viruses evolve to elude immune surveillance during infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viruses in Cancer and Therapy)
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12 pages, 223 KiB  
Review
A New Role for Vitamin D: The Enhancement of Oncolytic Viral Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer
by Christopher J. LaRocca and Susanne G. Warner
Biomedicines 2018, 6(4), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines6040104 - 5 Nov 2018
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5527
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have emerged as a novel class of anti-cancer therapeutics with one virus already receiving United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval (talimogene laherparepvec) and many others undergoing testing in clinical trials. These viruses have direct lytic effects on tumor cells [...] Read more.
Oncolytic viruses have emerged as a novel class of anti-cancer therapeutics with one virus already receiving United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval (talimogene laherparepvec) and many others undergoing testing in clinical trials. These viruses have direct lytic effects on tumor cells as well as immunomodulatory functions to increase inflammatory cell infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment. Despite all of the advances in cancer care, pancreatic cancer remains a highly lethal malignancy. One of the main barriers to successful systemic treatment of the disease is the fibrotic tumor stroma, as the unique extracellular matrix creates an environment that promotes tumor growth and is resistant to chemotherapy and other anti-cancer agents. The pleiotropic effects of Vitamin D have been widely studied, but recent research has now demonstrated it to be an effective agent in modulating pancreatic cancer stroma to facilitate the enhanced delivery of cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunogenicity in response to treatment. This review will explore the combination of Vitamin D with oncolytic viruses and how this novel application of Vitamin D’s ability to modulate pancreatic tumor stroma may result in a potential mechanism for increasing the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viruses in Cancer and Therapy)
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14 pages, 732 KiB  
Review
Recombinant Viruses for Cancer Therapy
by Daria S. Chulpanova, Valeriya V. Solovyeva, Kristina V. Kitaeva, Stephen P. Dunham, Svetlana F. Khaiboullina and Albert A. Rizvanov
Biomedicines 2018, 6(4), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines6040094 - 25 Sep 2018
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 7974
Abstract
Recombinant viruses are novel therapeutic agents that can be utilized for treatment of various diseases, including cancers. Recombinant viruses can be engineered to express foreign transgenes and have a broad tropism allowing gene expression in a wide range of host cells. They can [...] Read more.
Recombinant viruses are novel therapeutic agents that can be utilized for treatment of various diseases, including cancers. Recombinant viruses can be engineered to express foreign transgenes and have a broad tropism allowing gene expression in a wide range of host cells. They can be selected or designed for specific therapeutic goals; for example, recombinant viruses could be used to stimulate host immune response against tumor-specific antigens and therefore overcome the ability of the tumor to evade the host’s immune surveillance. Alternatively, recombinant viruses could express immunomodulatory genes which stimulate an anti-cancer immune response. Oncolytic viruses can replicate specifically in tumor cells and induce toxic effects leading to cell lysis and apoptosis. However, each of these approaches face certain difficulties that must be resolved to achieve maximum therapeutic efficacy. In this review we discuss actively developing approaches for cancer therapy based on recombinant viruses, problems that need to be overcome, and possible prospects for further development of recombinant virus based therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viruses in Cancer and Therapy)
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