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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Pathogenesis and Treatment of HIV-1 Infection
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Pathogenesis and Treatment of HIV-1 Infection

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbiology in Human Health and Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 2205

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ana Borrajo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Interests: HIV-1

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The chronic infection established by human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) produces serious CD4+ T-cell immunodeficiency despite the decrease in HIV-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels and the raised life expectancy of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) through treatment with combined antiretroviral therapies (cARTs).

Over the years, numerous analyses have been carried out with the aim of strengthening the immune response and finding a therapeutic solution to protect against HIV; however, there is still no definitive cure. HIV-1 enters the central nervous system (CNS), where perivascular macrophages and microglia are infected. This situation is aggravated by the complex nature of HIV, which is characterized by genetic diversity, high mutation rates, and issues of antiretroviral drug toxicity and viral resistance. Many molecular studies have demonstrated the importance of studying concepts such as the pivotal role of microglia and the adaptive immune response in the CNS and phagocytosis, neuropathogenesis and the viral proteins involved in the CNS as an anatomical reservoir, as well as the involvement of oxidative stress mechanisms and the role of HIV-induced ROS in the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Crucial HIV-1 pathogenicity factors must be known in order to identify molecular pathways that could serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disease.

In this Special Issue, we invite manuscripts related to HIV-1 vaccines, genetics, and other HIV-1-based research studies/reviews.

Dr. Ana Borrajo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • HIV-1
  • microglia
  • macrophages
  • AIDS

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

10 pages, 594 KiB  
Article
Dynamics of Lipid Profile in Antiretroviral-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients, Treated with TAF-Based Regimens: A Multicenter Observational Study
by Salvatore Martini, Paolo Maggi, Cristina Gervasoni, Lorenzo Onorato, Sergio Ferrara, Loredana Alessio, Chiara Bellacosa, Vincenzo Esposito, Giovanni Di Filippo, Addolorata Masiello, Adelaide Maddaloni, Simona Madonia, Giovanna D’Alessio, Viviana Rizzo and Nicola Coppola
Biomedicines 2022, 10(12), 3164; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10123164 - 7 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1803
Abstract
Background: The introduction of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in antiretroviral therapy has deeply modified the choice of the backbone for different treatment regimens, allowing the prevention of the bone and renal toxicity that was related to the previous formulation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). [...] Read more.
Background: The introduction of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in antiretroviral therapy has deeply modified the choice of the backbone for different treatment regimens, allowing the prevention of the bone and renal toxicity that was related to the previous formulation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). At the same time, literature data show an onset of dyslipidemia after a switch from TDF to TAF. To better understand the possible role of TAF in dyslipidemia, antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected patients were evaluated, comparing those treated with TAF/emtricitabine with those with abacavir/lamivudine. Methods: We enrolled 270 antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected patients in an observational, retrospective, longitudinal, multicenter study; they started treatment from 2017 to 2019 and were followed up for at least 72 weeks. We divided patients into two groups, one treated with a TAF-based backbone in their antiretroviral regimens (TAF group) and one without TAF (NO TAF group), to evaluate possible differences in the dynamics of lipid profiles from baseline(T0) to week 24 (T24), 48 (T48) and 72 (T72). Results: No significant differences were observed at baseline between the 2 groups. In the TAF group we observed a significant development of hypercholesterolemia throughout the follow-up (p < 0.0001), not evident in the NO TAF group, that instead showed a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cardiovascular risk index (CRI). A cholesterol-lowering treatment with statin, finally, was prescribed in 6 patients in both groups during the study. At binary logistic regression analysis, no factor was independently associated with hypercholesterolemia, except for higher age at T0. Conclusions: This real-life study shows that in HIV-naïve patients, TAF was associated with hypercholesterolemia throughout the follow-up. The clinical significance of this hypercholesterolemia will have to be clarified in further studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis and Treatment of HIV-1 Infection)
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