Recent Advances in Lymphoma

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Biology and Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 12114

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: lymphoma; prognosis; molecular background
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Guest Editor
1. Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
2. Center for the Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: lymphoproliferative neoplasias; lymphoma; NOTCH signaling pathway; liquid biopsy; cancer bioinformatics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The incidence of lymphoma has gradually increased over previous decades, and it ranks among the ten most prevalent cancers worldwide. With the development of targeted therapeutic strategies, though a subset of lymphoma patients have become curable, the treatment of refractory and relapsed diseases remains challenging. Many efforts have been made to explore new targets and develop corresponding therapies. In addition to novel antibodies targeting surface antigens, and small molecular inhibitors targeting oncogenic signaling pathways and tumor suppressors, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been rapidly developed to target the tumor microenvironment. Although these targeted agents have shown great success in treating lymphoma patients, adverse events should be noted. We systematically outlined the advances in targeted therapy for malignant lymphoma, providing a clinical rationale for mechanism-based lymphoma treatment in the era of precision medicine.

Dr. Socorro María Rodríguez-Pinilla
Dr. Marta Rodríguez Moreno
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • lymphoma
  • cancer
  • gene expression
  • mutational analysis
  • target
  • therapy
  • tumor microenvironment

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 3016 KiB  
Article
T-Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia with Hepatosplenic T-Cell Lymphoma? A Rare Case of Simultaneous Neoplastic T-Cell Clones Highlighted by Flow Cytometry and Review of Literature
by Rossana Libonati, Michela Soda, Teodora Statuto, Luciana Valvano, Fiorella D’Auria, Giovanni D’Arena, Giuseppe Pietrantuono, Oreste Villani, Giovanna Rosaria Mansueto, Simona D’Agostino, Massimo Dante Di Somma, Alessia Telesca and Rocchina Vilella
Biomedicines 2024, 12(5), 993; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12050993 - 30 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1620
Abstract
Lymphoproliferative diseases are a heterogeneous set of malignant clonal proliferations of lymphocytes. Despite well-established diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis remains difficult due to their variety in clinical presentation and immunophenotypic profile. Lymphoid T-cell disorders are less common than B-cell entities, and the lack of [...] Read more.
Lymphoproliferative diseases are a heterogeneous set of malignant clonal proliferations of lymphocytes. Despite well-established diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis remains difficult due to their variety in clinical presentation and immunophenotypic profile. Lymphoid T-cell disorders are less common than B-cell entities, and the lack of a clear immunophenotypic characteristic makes their identification hard. Flow cytometry turned out to be a useful tool in diagnosing T-cell disorders and to resolve complicated cases, especially if the number of analyzable neoplastic cells is small. We present a case of a 55-year-old man with simultaneous lymphoproliferative neoplastic T-cell clones, one αβ and the other γδ, identified and characterized by flow cytometry (FC), exploiting the variable expression intensity of specific markers. However, the patient’s rapid decline made it impossible to define a differential diagnosis in order to confirm the identity of the γδ clone, which remains uncertain. This case is added to the few other cases already documented in the literature, characterized by the co-existence of T-large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL)-αβ and T-LGLL-γδ/Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL). Our case underlines the key role of sensitive diagnostic tools in the assessment of potential relationship between the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in the two pathologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Lymphoma)
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13 pages, 999 KiB  
Article
Do Double-Expressor High-Grade B-Cell Lymphomas Really Need Intensified Treatment? A Report from the Real-Life Series of High-Grade B-Cell Lymphomas Treated with Different Therapeutic Protocols at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana
by Lučka Boltežar, Samo Rožman, Gorana Gašljević, Biljana Grčar Kuzmanov and Barbara Jezeršek Novaković
Biomedicines 2024, 12(2), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020275 - 25 Jan 2024
Viewed by 3063
Abstract
High-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements are known for their aggressive clinical course and so are the ones with MYC and BCL2 protein overexpression. The optimal therapy for these lymphomas remains to be elucidated. A retrospective analysis of all [...] Read more.
High-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements are known for their aggressive clinical course and so are the ones with MYC and BCL2 protein overexpression. The optimal therapy for these lymphomas remains to be elucidated. A retrospective analysis of all diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and high-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements diagnosed between 2017 and 2021 at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Slovenia, has been performed. Only patients with double-expressor lymphoma (DEL), double-hit lymphoma (DHL), or triple-hit lymphoma (THL) were included. Demographic and clinical parameters were assessed, as well as progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). In total, 161 cases out of 309 (161/309; 52,1%) were classified as DEL. Sixteen patients had DHL, MYC/BCL2 rearrangement was observed in eleven patients, and MYC/BCL6 rearrangement was observed in five patients. Five patients were diagnosed with THL. Out of 154 patients (according to inclusion/exclusion criteria) included in further evaluation, one-hundred and thirty-five patients had double-expressor lymphoma (DEL), sixteen patients had DHL, and three patients had THL. In total, 169 patients were treated with R-CHOP, 10 with R-CHOP and intermediate-dose methotrexate, 19 with R-DA-EPOCH, and 16 with other regimens. The median follow-up was 22 months. The 5-year OS for the whole DEL group was 57.1% (95% CI 45.9–68.3%) and the 5-year PFS was 76.5% (95% CI 72.6–80.4%). The log-rank test disclosed no differences in survival between treatment groups (p = 0.712) while the high-risk international prognostic index (IPI) carried a significantly higher risk of death (HR 7.68, 95% CI 2.32–25.49, p = 0.001). The 5-year OS for DHL patients was 32.4% (95% CI 16.6–48.2%) while all three TH patients were deceased or lost to follow-up. Our analyses of real-life data disclose that the R-CHOP protocol with CNS prophylaxis is a successful and curative treatment for a substantial proportion of DEL patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Lymphoma)
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Review

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25 pages, 987 KiB  
Review
Recent Updates of PET in Lymphoma: FDG and Beyond
by Sung-Yong Kim, Hyun Woo Chung, Young So, Mark Hong Lee and Eun Jeong Lee
Biomedicines 2024, 12(11), 2485; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12112485 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 2159
Abstract
Lymphoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide, categorized into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) has become an essential imaging tool for evaluating patients with lymphoma in terms of initial diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and treatment [...] Read more.
Lymphoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide, categorized into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) has become an essential imaging tool for evaluating patients with lymphoma in terms of initial diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and treatment response assessment. Recent advancements in imaging technology and methodologies, along with the development of artificial intelligence, have revolutionized the evaluation of complex imaging data, enhancing the diagnostic and predictive power of PET in lymphoma. However, FDG is not cancer-specific, but it primarily reflects glucose metabolism, which has prompted the investigation of alternative PET tracers to address this limitation. Novel PET radiotracers, such as fibroblast activation protein inhibitors targeting the tumor microenvironment, have recently shown promising results in evaluating various malignancies compared to FDG PET. Furthermore, with the rapid advancements in immunotherapy and the favorable imaging properties of 89Zr, immunoPET has emerged as a promising modality, offering insights into the functional and molecular status of the immune system. ImmunoPET can also facilitate the development of new antibody therapeutics and radioimmunotherapy by providing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data. This review provides comprehensive insights into the current clinical applications of FDG PET in lymphoma, while also exploring novel PET imaging radiotracers beyond FDG, discussing their mechanisms of action and potential impact on patient management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Lymphoma)
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29 pages, 1066 KiB  
Review
Beyond Chemotherapy: Present and Future Perspectives in the Treatment of Lymphoproliferative Disorders
by Fulvio Massaro, Fabio Andreozzi, Tom Abrassart, Julie Castiaux, Hanne Massa, Ornella Rizzo and Marie Vercruyssen
Biomedicines 2024, 12(5), 977; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12050977 - 29 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2071
Abstract
Over the past three decades, the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders has undergone profound changes, notably due to the increasing availability of innovative therapies with the potential to redefine clinical management paradigms. A major impact is related to the development of monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint [...] Read more.
Over the past three decades, the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders has undergone profound changes, notably due to the increasing availability of innovative therapies with the potential to redefine clinical management paradigms. A major impact is related to the development of monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies. This review discusses the current landscape of clinical trials targeting various hematological malignancies, highlighting promising early-phase results and strategies to overcome resistance. Lymphoproliferative disorders encompass a range of conditions: while in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) the goal is to reduce chemotherapy-related toxicity by integrating immunotherapy into the frontline setting, peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) lacks effective targeted therapies. The review emphasizes a shifting therapeutic landscape towards precision medicine and treatment modalities that are less toxic yet more effective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Lymphoma)
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19 pages, 526 KiB  
Review
The Possible Role of Pathogens and Chronic Immune Stimulation in the Development of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
by Lajos Gergely, Miklos Udvardy and Arpad Illes
Biomedicines 2024, 12(3), 648; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12030648 - 14 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2516
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The disease is very heterogeneous, with distinct genetic alterations in subtypes. The WHO 2022 5th edition classification identifies several minor groups of large B-cell lymphoma where the pathogenetic role of [...] Read more.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The disease is very heterogeneous, with distinct genetic alterations in subtypes. The WHO 2022 5th edition classification identifies several minor groups of large B-cell lymphoma where the pathogenetic role of viruses (like EBV and HHV-8) is identified. Still, most cases fall into the group of DLBCL not otherwise specified (NOS). No review focuses only on this specific lymphoma type in the literature. The pathogenesis of this entity is still not fully understood, but several viruses and bacteria may have a role in the development of the disease. The authors review critical pathogenetic events in the development of DLBCL (NOS) and summarize the data available on several pathogenetic viruses and bacteria that have a proven or may have a potential role in the development of this lymphoma type. The possible role of B-cell receptor signaling in the microenvironment is also discussed. The causative role of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), and other viruses are explored. Bacterial infections, such as Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter jejuni, Chlamydia psittaci, Borrelia burgdorferi, and other bacteria, are also reviewed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Lymphoma)
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