Coronary Heart Disease: Causes, Pathology and Treatment

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2025) | Viewed by 1559

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
Interests: coronary artery disease; secondary prevention; inflammation; preconditioning; myocardial injury
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
2nd Department of Cardiology, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Interests: clinical cardiology; interventional cardiology; heart; imaging; electrophysiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a prevalent cardiovascular condition with high morbidity and mortality.

It is characterized by the progressive development of atherosclerotic plaques, which cause a narrowing of the internal lumen of the coronary arteries, thus reducing the blood flow to the metabolically high demand of myocardium.

It may be complicated by rupture or erosion of the atheromatous plaques, giving rise to acute coronary events such as acute myocardial infarction.  

The issue explores various aspects related to the causes, pathology, and treatment options for coronary heart disease (CHD), shedding light on the latest research and advancements in the field.

Coronary atherosclerosis is initiated by the accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the arterial wall, a process which is believed to be facilitated by local inflammation.

Several risk factors contribute to the development of CHD. These include modifiable factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Non-modifiable factors, including age, gender, and family history, also play a role in susceptibility to CHD.

Understanding the pathology of CHD is essential for effective management. The pathology of CHD involves the progressive development of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries. It includes the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in plaque formation, including cholesterol accumulation, inflammatory processes, and endothelial dysfunction.

The management of coronary heart disease (CHD) aims to alleviate symptoms, prevent complications, and reduce the risk of future cardiac events. Pharmacological interventions targeting lipid management, blood pressure and diabetes control, antiplatelet therapy and symptom relief are thoroughly discussed. Also included are the noninvasive and invasive diagnostic procedures and cardiac rehabilitation.

The Special Issue "Coronary Heart Disease: Causes, Pathology and Treatment" serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals involved in the field of cardiovascular medicine. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the causes, pathology, and treatment options for CHD, emphasizing the importance of preventive measures, risk factor management, and personalized therapeutic approaches.

Dr. Joseph A. Moutiris
Dr. Dimitrios A. Vrachatis
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • CHD
  • dyslipidemia
  • hypertension
  • diabetes
  • myocardial infarction
  • cardiac rehabilitation
  • cardiovascular prevention

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 7416 KiB  
Article
New Indicator of Arterial Stiffness START—Is There a Prognostic Value of Its Dynamics in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease?
by Alexey N. Sumin, Anna V. Shcheglova and Olga L. Barbarash
Biomedicines 2024, 12(8), 1638; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081638 - 23 Jul 2024
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Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the one-year dynamics of the new index START in patients with coronary artery disease after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods. Patients with coronary artery disease (n = 196) whose START [...] Read more.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the one-year dynamics of the new index START in patients with coronary artery disease after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods. Patients with coronary artery disease (n = 196) whose START index was assessed before CABG and one year after surgery. Depending on the dynamics of the stiffness index, three groups of patients were identified: 1st—with a decrease in haSTART (n = 79, 40.3%), 2nd—without dynamics (n = 52, 26.5%), and 3rd. Patients were followed for 10 years, and groups were compared for all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke/transient ischemic attack, and a composite endpoint. Results. In the group with an increase in the haSTART index, type D personality was identified more often (53.8%) than in the group without changes in haSTAR (26.9%) or with a decrease in the haSTAR index (34.2%) (p = 0.008). In the long-term follow-up period, death from all causes was significantly more common in the group with an increase in haSTART (33.9%) and in the group without changes in haSTART (23.1%) than in the group with a decrease in haSTART (11.4%, p = 0.005). Patients with an increase in haSTART more often had MACE (death, MI, stroke/TIA)—in 47.7% of cases (p = 0.01), compared with patients with a decrease in haSTART (in 24.1% of cases) and without change in haSTART (by 30.8%). Kaplan–Meier curves revealed better long-term survival rates in the group with a decrease in the haSTART index (p = 0.024). Multivariate analysis showed that a decrease in the haSTART index one year after CABG was associated with a decrease in mortality (HR 0.462; 95% CI 0.210–1.016; p = 0.055). Conclusions. The dynamics of the haSTART arterial stiffness index one year after CABG has prognostic significance in the long-term follow-up period. In addition, in the group with an increase in the haSTART index, personality type D is more common. Further studies need to study which interventions in patients with coronary artery disease can cause favorable dynamics in the haSTART index and to what extent psychological characteristics can influence these dynamics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronary Heart Disease: Causes, Pathology and Treatment)
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